Badby Andrew J, Ripley Nicholas J, McMahon John J, Mundy Peter D, Comfort Paul
Centre for Human Movement and Rehabilitation Science, School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom.
Hawkin Dynamics, Inc., Westbrook, Maine, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2025 May 9;20(5):e0322820. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0322820. eCollection 2025.
Force plates are amongst the most utilised technological apparatus for monitoring acute changes in neuromuscular function in sports. Practitioners apply monitoring strategies to manage neuromuscular fatigue and physical preparedness with valid, reliable, and sensitive measures. The aim of this scoping review was to identify, map, and describe the variety of monitoring procedures which have been previously applied in research (e.g., test and metric selection, data collection, study design, and data analysis procedures). Searches were completed by 24th June 2024. One thousand, nine hundred, and seventy-eight studies were identified across four databases (PubMed, EBSCO, Clarivate web of science, and Ovid). After removing duplicates, applying the inclusion criteria, and scouring the reference lists of remaining studies, a final total of thirty studies of within-group repeated measures design were used in this review. Major differences were identified across all aspects of studies methodologies, such as in subject demographics (e.g., sex, sport, and competitive level), data collection protocols (e.g., force plate hardware utilised, test and metric selection, verbal cues, and provision of information regarding testing surface, familiarisation and warm-up provided, the process of zeroing force plates between trials, and weighing of subjects during trials), and study design (e.g., reference physical activity investigated, time of season, testing timepoints, and training load determination). A general lack of reporting and uniformity in metric definitions, metric calculations, and phase terminology was identified across studies. For example, two separate calculations were reported for "peak force" across studies, as either "the maximum force achieved throughout the entirety of the trial", or as "the maximum force achieved during the propulsion phase". The latter calculation was also utilised for "peak concentric force" in a separate study. Thus, an accurate comparison of results across studies (e.g., via meta-analysis) and forming any generalized conclusions about the application of specific tests and metrics for monitoring acute changes in neuromuscular function using force plates was premature at this time. The information presented in this review will contribute towards forming a rationale for the data collection, study design, and data analysis protocols for future research on monitoring acute changes in neuromuscular function using force plates.
测力板是体育领域中用于监测神经肌肉功能急性变化的最常用技术设备之一。从业者采用监测策略，通过有效、可靠且灵敏的测量方法来管理神经肌肉疲劳和身体准备状态。本综述的目的是识别、梳理并描述先前在研究中应用的各种监测程序（例如测试和指标选择、数据收集、研究设计以及数据分析程序）。检索工作于2024年6月24日完成。在四个数据库（PubMed、EBSCO、科睿唯安科学网和Ovid）中识别出1978项研究。在去除重复项、应用纳入标准并查阅其余研究的参考文献列表后，本综述最终共使用了30项组内重复测量设计的研究。研究方法的各个方面都存在重大差异，例如受试者人口统计学特征（如性别、运动项目和竞技水平）、数据收集方案（如使用的测力板硬件、测试和指标选择、口头提示以及提供有关测试表面的信息、所提供的熟悉和热身情况、试验之间测力板归零的过程以及试验期间受试者的称重）以及研究设计（如所研究的参考身体活动、季节时间、测试时间点和训练负荷确定）。研究发现，在指标定义、指标计算和阶段术语方面普遍缺乏报告和一致性。例如，不同研究中对“峰值力”报告了两种不同的计算方法，一种是“整个试验过程中达到的最大力”，另一种是“推进阶段达到的最大力”。在另一项单独研究中对“峰值向心力量”也采用了后一种计算方法。因此，此时对不同研究结果进行准确比较（例如通过荟萃分析）以及就使用测力板监测神经肌肉功能急性变化的特定测试和指标的应用形成任何一般性结论还为时过早。本综述中呈现的信息将有助于为未来使用测力板监测神经肌肉功能急性变化的研究的数据收集、研究设计和数据分析方案形成理论依据。
