Anoxygenic photoautotrophy driven by humus and microplastics in a photosynthetic bacterium.

Humus and microplastics are recalcitrant organics in soils and aquatic systems, and their role in the geochemical cycling of elements remains elusive. Herein, we have identified a new mechanism by which humus and microplastics participate in anoxic carbon cycling. We demonstrated that the photoexcitation of 5-30 mg/l of humic acid or fulvic acid, two major fractions of humus, can drive CO fixation and enable the photoautotrophic growth of a photosynthetic bacterium, . This process was enhanced by 10.69%-144.87% upon the addition of 100 mg/l of poly(lactic acid) or poly(ethylene terephthalate). Mechanistic investigations demonstrated that the microplastics act as sacrificial quenchers during humus photoexcitation, leading to their depolymerization. Transcriptomic analyses revealed high expression of genes encoding extracellular electron uptake pathways including extracellular cytochrome and its oxidases in the photoautotrophic growth of . This study expands our understanding of how humus and microplastics are involved in the biogeochemical cycling of carbon and sheds light on how they impact the CO dynamic fluxes in sunlit anoxic environments.