Ma Yinrui, Song Rui, Duan Chenyang
Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Front Immunol. 2025 Apr 28;16:1542369. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1542369. eCollection 2025.
Mitochondria, as the primary energy factories of cells, play a pivotal role in maintaining nervous system function and regulating inflammatory responses. The balance of mitochondrial quality control is critical for neuronal health, and disruptions in this balance are often implicated in the pathogenesis of various neurological disorders. Mitochondrial dysfunction not only exacerbates energy deficits but also triggers neuroinflammation through the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), such as mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). This review examines the mechanisms and recent advancements in mitochondrial quality control in neurological diseases, focusing on processes such as mitochondrial fusion and fission, mitophagy, biogenesis, and protein expression regulation. It further explores the role of mitochondrial dysfunction and subsequent inflammatory cascades in conditions such as ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, neurodegenerative diseases and brain tumors. Additionally, emerging research highlights the significance of mitochondrial transfer mechanisms, particularly intercellular transfer between neurons and glial cells, as a potential strategy for mitigating inflammation and promoting cellular repair. This review provides insights into the molecular underpinnings of neuroinflammatory pathologies while underscoring the translational potential of targeting mitochondrial quality control for therapeutic development.
线粒体作为细胞的主要能量工厂，在维持神经系统功能和调节炎症反应中起着关键作用。线粒体质量控制的平衡对神经元健康至关重要，这种平衡的破坏往往与各种神经疾病的发病机制有关。线粒体功能障碍不仅会加剧能量不足，还会通过释放损伤相关分子模式（DAMPs）引发神经炎症，如线粒体DNA（mtDNA）和活性氧（ROS）。本文综述了神经疾病中线粒体质量控制的机制和最新进展，重点关注线粒体融合与分裂、线粒体自噬、生物发生和蛋白质表达调控等过程。本文还进一步探讨了线粒体功能障碍及随后的炎症级联反应在缺血性和出血性中风、神经退行性疾病和脑肿瘤等病症中的作用。此外，新兴研究强调了线粒体转移机制的重要性，特别是神经元与神经胶质细胞之间的细胞间转移，这是减轻炎症和促进细胞修复的一种潜在策略。本文深入探讨了神经炎症性疾病的分子基础，同时强调了针对线粒体质量控制进行治疗开发的转化潜力。
