Patterson Bruce K, Yogendra Ram, Francisco Edgar B, Guevara-Coto Jose, Long Emily, Pise Amruta, Osgood Eric, Bream John, Kreimer Mark, Jeffers Devon, Beaty Christopher, Vander Heide Richard, Mora-Rodríguez Rodrigo A
Research and Development Department, IncellDx Inc, Hayward, CA, USA.
Department of Anesthesiology, Lawrence General Hospital, Lawrence, MA, USA.
Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2025 Dec;21(1):2494934. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2025.2494934. Epub 2025 May 13.
Despite over 13 billion SARS-CoV-2 vaccine doses administered globally, persistent post-vaccination symptoms, termed post-COVID-19 vaccine syndrome (PCVS), resemble post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). Symptoms like cardiac, vascular, and neurological issues often emerge shortly after vaccination and persist for months to years, mirroring PASC. We previously showed the S1 subunit of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein persists in CD16+ monocytes after infection, potentially driving PASC. Approved vaccines (Pfizer, Moderna, Janssen, AstraZeneca) deliver synthetic S1 to elicit immunity, suggesting a shared mechanism. We hypothesized that vaccine-derived S1 persistence in CD16+ monocytes sustains inflammation akin to PASC, contributing to PCVS. We studied 50 individuals with PCVS symptoms lasting over 30 days post-vaccination and 26 asymptomatic controls, using (1) machine learning-based immune profiling to compare cytokine signatures with PASC, (2) flow cytometry to detect S1 in CD16+ monocytes, and (3) LC-MS to confirm S1 across vaccine types. We correlated S1 persistence with symptom duration and inflammation. Prior infection was excluded via clinical history, anti-nucleocapsid antibody tests, and T-detect assays, though definitive tests are lacking. Preliminary findings suggest S1 persistence in CD16+ monocytes and an associated inflammatory profile may contribute to PCVS. Further studies are needed to confirm causality and prevalence.
尽管全球已接种超过130亿剂严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）疫苗，但接种疫苗后持续出现的症状，即所谓的新冠疫苗综合征（PCVS），类似于新冠后遗症（PASC）。心脏、血管和神经方面的问题等症状常在接种疫苗后不久出现，并持续数月至数年，与PASC相似。我们之前发现，SARS-CoV-2刺突蛋白的S1亚基在感染后会持续存在于CD16+单核细胞中，这可能是PASC的发病原因。已获批的疫苗（辉瑞、莫德纳、杨森、阿斯利康）通过递送合成的S1来引发免疫反应，这表明存在共同机制。我们推测，疫苗衍生的S1在CD16+单核细胞中的持续存在会引发类似于PASC的炎症，从而导致PCVS。我们研究了50名接种疫苗后出现PCVS症状且持续超过30天的个体以及26名无症状对照，采用（1）基于机器学习的免疫分析来比较细胞因子特征与PASC，（2）流式细胞术检测CD16+单核细胞中的S1，以及（3）液相色谱-质谱联用（LC-MS）来确认不同类型疫苗中的S1。我们将S1的持续存在与症状持续时间和炎症进行了关联分析。通过临床病史、抗核衣壳抗体检测和T-detect检测排除了既往感染，不过目前仍缺乏确定性检测。初步研究结果表明，CD16+单核细胞中S1的持续存在以及相关的炎症特征可能导致PCVS。需要进一步研究来确认因果关系和患病率。
