Kim Sora Q, Spann Redin A, Hill Cristal M, Berryman Claire E, Berthoud Hans-Rudolf, McDougal David H, He Yanlin, Münzberg Heike, Yu Sangho, Morrison Christopher D
Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA; email:
Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Annu Rev Nutr. 2025 Aug;45(1):269-297. doi: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-121624-114918. Epub 2025 May 13.
Recent improvements in human longevity have highlighted the challenge of maintaining health throughout extended lifespans. This review examines how organisms regulate nutrient intake and metabolism, focusing on dietary protein's unique role in health and longevity. While caloric restriction enhances longevity, adherence to a low-calorie diet is challenging. Protein restriction represents an alternate nutritional intervention that improves longevity and health in model organisms and may be easier to translate to humans. However, its impacts are complex, and its mechanisms are poorly understood. The beneficial effects of protein restriction on metabolism and longevity may come at a cost to lean mass and physical resilience. Conversely, while public health recommendations often emphasize high protein intake, human epidemiological data and work on model organisms suggest that excessive protein consumption correlates with increased mortality. Understanding this paradox is crucial for developing evidence-based protein intake recommendations that balance longevity with physical performance.
人类寿命的近期改善凸显了在延长的寿命中维持健康的挑战。本综述探讨了生物体如何调节营养摄入和代谢，重点关注膳食蛋白质在健康和长寿中的独特作用。虽然热量限制可延长寿命，但坚持低热量饮食具有挑战性。蛋白质限制是一种替代性营养干预措施，可改善模式生物的寿命和健康，并且可能更容易应用于人类。然而，其影响是复杂的，其机制也知之甚少。蛋白质限制对代谢和寿命的有益影响可能以瘦体重和身体恢复力为代价。相反，虽然公共卫生建议通常强调高蛋白质摄入量，但人类流行病学数据和模式生物研究表明，过量摄入蛋白质与死亡率增加相关。理解这一悖论对于制定基于证据的蛋白质摄入量建议至关重要，这些建议要在长寿与身体表现之间取得平衡。
