Sabry Al-Kazafy Hassan, Helmy Rania Mohamed Ahmed, Sleem Rasha Ahmed, Abolmaaty Shaker Mohamed, Mohamady Aziza Hassan
Pests and Plant Protection Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
Pesticide Residue and Environmental Pollution Department, Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
Sci Rep. 2025 May 13;15(1):16552. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-99726-x.
Nano-pesticides aim to improve the efficacy and safety of conventional pesticides, but as they are still in the early stages of development, data about their environmental fate is insufficient. Therefore, the aim of this study is to compare between the conventional and nano-formulations of chlorfenapyr (CF) and emamectin benzoate (EB), by using chitosan nanoparticles as carriers and evaluating it against the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch. The loading capacities were 52.2 and 41.7%, respectively. The nanoparticles sizes of both chlorfenapyr (CF NPs) and emamectin benzoate (EB NPs) were 99.86 and 78.82 nm, respectively. The LC s were 68.8, 10.8, 3.6 and 1.1 ppm for chlorfenapyr, emamectin benzoate, nanochlorfenapyr and nanoemamectin benzoate, respectively. Thus, the nano-formulations are 6- and 3-fold more toxic than the conventional ones. The reduction percentages of T. urticae adults reached to 98.9 and 93.8% for CF NP s and EM NP s, respectively. Dissipation kinetics have been determined and the initial deposit after one hour of application was (0.95 and 0.083) and (0.12 and 0.052) mg kg for conventional and nano-formulations, respectively. The t and PHI have been determined, t were 0.8, 0.6, 0.9, and 0.4 days while PHI values were 7, 5, 3, and 1 day for conventional and nano-formulations, respectively. In conclusion, the nano-formulations exhibit high efficacy in controlling T. urticae adults and have low residue in cucumber fruits. These results cleared that the nanoformulations reduced the concentrations, the residues and increased the efficiency.
纳米农药旨在提高传统农药的功效和安全性，但由于它们仍处于开发初期，关于其环境归宿的数据不足。因此，本研究的目的是比较氯虫苯甲酰胺（CF）和甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐（EB）的传统制剂和纳米制剂，以壳聚糖纳米颗粒为载体，并对二斑叶螨（Tetranychus urticae Koch）进行评估。负载量分别为52.2%和41.7%。氯虫苯甲酰胺（CF NPs）和甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐（EB NPs）的纳米颗粒尺寸分别为99.86和78.82纳米。氯虫苯甲酰胺、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、纳米氯虫苯甲酰胺和纳米甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐的LC50分别为68.8、10.8、3.6和1.1 ppm。因此，纳米制剂的毒性分别比传统制剂高6倍和3倍。CF NPs和EM NPs对二斑叶螨成虫的减少率分别达到98.9%和93.8%。已确定消散动力学，施用一小时后的初始沉积量，传统制剂和纳米制剂分别为（0.95和0.083）以及（0.12和0.052）mg/kg。已确定半衰期（t1/2）和安全间隔期（PHI），传统制剂和纳米制剂的t1/2分别为0.8、0.6、0.9和0.4天，而PHI值分别为7、5、3和1天。总之，纳米制剂在防治二斑叶螨成虫方面表现出高效，且在黄瓜果实中的残留量低。这些结果表明，纳米制剂降低了浓度和残留量，并提高了效率。
