Liu Xiaoguang, Xu Miaomiao, Wang Huiguo, Zhu Lin
School of Sport and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China.
School of Physical Education and Health, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
Nutrients. 2025 Apr 26;17(9):1463. doi: 10.3390/nu17091463.
Acetate, propionate, and butyrate are major short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by the gut microbiota as key metabolic byproducts. These SCFAs influence skeletal muscle homeostasis and exercise performance through various mechanisms. This review explores the current knowledge on the mechanisms by which SCFAs influence muscle mass, strength, metabolism, and inflammation. Acetate enhances mitochondrial function and glucose metabolism, while butyrate supports muscle mass preservation by suppressing inflammation and autophagy. Propionate plays complex roles, aiding metabolic regulation, but potentially impairing myogenic differentiation at high concentrations. These SCFAs modulate insulin sensitivity and oxidative stress; their interactions with host energy systems and immunity significantly influence muscle health. Although their therapeutic potential is evident, further studies, especially human clinical trials, are necessary to validate their effective applications. This review synthesizes emerging evidence and outlines specific future research priorities.
乙酸盐、丙酸盐和丁酸盐是肠道微生物群产生的主要短链脂肪酸（SCFAs），是关键的代谢副产物。这些短链脂肪酸通过多种机制影响骨骼肌稳态和运动表现。本综述探讨了目前关于短链脂肪酸影响肌肉质量、力量、代谢和炎症的机制的知识。乙酸盐可增强线粒体功能和葡萄糖代谢，而丁酸盐通过抑制炎症和自噬来支持肌肉质量的维持。丙酸盐发挥着复杂的作用，有助于代谢调节，但在高浓度时可能会损害肌源性分化。这些短链脂肪酸调节胰岛素敏感性和氧化应激；它们与宿主能量系统和免疫的相互作用显著影响肌肉健康。尽管它们的治疗潜力显而易见，但仍需要进一步的研究，尤其是人体临床试验，以验证它们的有效应用。本综述综合了新出现的证据，并概述了未来具体的研究重点。
