Achour Yannis, Lucas Guillaume, Iceta Sylvain, Boucekine Mohamed, Rahmati Masoud, Berk Michael, Akbaraly Tasnime, Aouizerate Bruno, Capuron Lucile, Marx Wolfgang, Lane Melissa M, Nguyen Cao Duy, Do Huyen, Tran Bach Xuan, Yon Dong Keon, Boyer Laurent, Fond Guillaume
APHM, CEReSS, Research Centre on Health Services and Quality of Life, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Marseille, Aix Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France.
APHM, Département Universitaire de Médecine Générale (DUMG), Aix Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France.
Nutrients. 2025 May 4;17(9):1583. doi: 10.3390/nu17091583.
Different patterns of food consumption may be associated with a differential risk of depression. Differences in dietary patterns between men and women and across different age groups have been reported, but their influence on the risk of depression has not been fully explored.
To investigate the associations between dietary patterns and risk of depression across sex and age groups to identify vulnerable subpopulations, which may inform targeted prevention and intervention strategies.
The ALIMENTAL study was a cross-sectional, online international survey conducted between 2021 and 2023. Dietary data were collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire; depression data were collected using a self-reported validated questionnaire. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to identify distinct food consumption patterns. Multivariate analyses were then conducted to assess the associations between these patterns and depression, adjusting for multiple potential confounders.
Among 15,262 participants without chronic diseases or current psychotropic treatments, 4923 (32.2%) were classified in the depression group. Among those aged 18-34, the PCA-derived factor of ultra-processed foods consumption was significantly associated with increased risk of depression in both sexes with similar odds ratios (women 1.21, 95% confidence interval (CI): (1.15; 1.27), men 1.21, 95% CI: (1.07-1.18)). In women aged 18-34, the PCA factors for sodas (aOR 1.10, 95% CI: (1.06; 1.95) and canned and frozen foods (aOR 1.10, 95% CI: (1.04; 1.15) were associated with an increased risk of depression. In participants aged 35-54 years, the association between ultra-processed foods and depression was only observed in women (35-54 years: aOR 1.30, 95% CI: (1.20; 1.42), ≥55 years: 1.41, 95% CI: (1.11; 1.79)), with a significant association between a higher adherence to the PCA-derived "healthy diet" factor (e.g., fruits, nuts, green vegetables) and a lower risk of depression (35-54 years: aOR 0.82, 95% CI: (0.75; 0.89), ≥55 years: aOR 0.79, 95% CI: (0.64; 0.97)).
These results show significant differences between men and women and between age groups regarding associations between dietary patterns and the risk of depression. These findings can help better target public health interventions.
不同的食物消费模式可能与抑郁症的不同风险相关。已有报道称男性和女性以及不同年龄组之间的饮食模式存在差异，但其对抑郁症风险的影响尚未得到充分研究。
调查不同性别和年龄组的饮食模式与抑郁症风险之间的关联，以确定易患亚人群，这可为有针对性的预防和干预策略提供依据。
ALIMENTAL研究是一项在2021年至2023年期间进行的横断面在线国际调查。使用经过验证的食物频率问卷收集饮食数据；使用自我报告的经过验证的问卷收集抑郁症数据。应用主成分分析（PCA）来确定不同的食物消费模式。然后进行多变量分析，以评估这些模式与抑郁症之间的关联，并对多个潜在混杂因素进行调整。
在15262名没有慢性病或当前精神药物治疗的参与者中，4923人（32.2%）被归类为抑郁症组。在18 - 34岁的人群中，PCA得出的超加工食品消费因素与男女抑郁症风险增加显著相关，优势比相似（女性1.21，95%置信区间（CI）：（1.15；1.27），男性1.21，95%CI：（1.07 - 1.18））。在18 - 34岁的女性中，汽水（调整后优势比1.10，95%CI：（1.06；1.95））和罐装及冷冻食品（调整后优势比1.10，95%CI：（1.04；1.15））的PCA因素与抑郁症风险增加相关。在35 - 54岁的参与者中，仅在女性中观察到超加工食品与抑郁症之间的关联（35 - 54岁：调整后优势比1.30，95%CI：（1.20；1.42），≥55岁：1.41，95%CI：（1.11；1.79）），而PCA得出的“健康饮食”因素（如水果、坚果、绿色蔬菜）的较高依从性与较低的抑郁症风险之间存在显著关联（35 - 54岁：调整后优势比0.82，95%CI：（0.75；0.89），≥55岁：调整后优势比0.79，95%CI：（0.64；0.97））。
这些结果表明，在饮食模式与抑郁症风险的关联方面，男性和女性以及不同年龄组之间存在显著差异。这些发现有助于更好地确定公共卫生干预的目标。
