Hustad Gunhild, Bortoli Marit Müller De, Hansen Elisabeth Holm
University of South-Eastern Norway, Porsgrunn, Norway.
Department of Child and Adolescent Health Promotion Services, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Levanger, Norway.
BMC Nurs. 2025 May 14;24(1):531. doi: 10.1186/s12912-025-03206-6.
School nurses perform a unique role by providing health care to all children and adolescents. In Norway, their activities are regulated by the National Professional Guidelines for Health Promotion and Prevention Work in Health Centers, School Health Services and Youth Health Clinics. However, a large part of their workday involves independently planning and prioritizing activities. Understanding how they allocate this time is limited. Filling this knowledge gap is important, both for central authorities in their planning and staffing of the service, and for the continuous development of school health services. This study aims to describe how school nurses spend their time within the Norwegian school health services.
Over a period of 10 days, 104 school nurses documented all activities spent in school health services for a cross-sectional time study. An activity list was developed that encompassed 25 activities, 10 of which were directly devoted to interactions with children, adolescents, and/or their guardians. Time was measured at 10-minute intervals and analysed via descriptive statistics.
Administrative work constituted the largest proportion of the registered time (22.1%), followed by individual consultations (15.9%) and meetings (10.9%). Minimal time was allocated to group activities for pupils and guardians, comprising 2.8%. The time dedicated to direct interaction with children, adolescents, and/or guardians accounted for 36% of the time, whereas the remaining 64% was spent on activities not involving direct interaction.
This study provides insights into how school nurses spend their time within Norwegian school health services and indicates a large variation in the time spent on different tasks. Future research should investigate the reasons behind these variations and analyze the content and interventions used in various activities. Although the study is conducted in a Norwegian context, the methods for describing time usage are applicable to other health sectors and countries.
学校护士通过为所有儿童和青少年提供医疗保健发挥着独特作用。在挪威，她们的活动受《健康中心、学校卫生服务和青少年健康诊所健康促进与预防工作国家专业指南》的规范。然而，她们工作日的很大一部分时间用于独立规划活动并确定活动优先级。对于她们如何分配时间的了解有限。填补这一知识空白对于中央当局规划该服务的人员配置以及学校卫生服务的持续发展都很重要。本研究旨在描述挪威学校卫生服务中学校护士如何支配她们的时间。
在为期10天的时间里，104名学校护士记录了她们在学校卫生服务中开展的所有活动，以进行横断面时间研究。制定了一份活动清单，涵盖25项活动，其中10项直接用于与儿童、青少年和/或其监护人互动。每隔10分钟记录一次时间，并通过描述性统计进行分析。
行政工作在记录的时间中占比最大（22.1%），其次是个别咨询（15.9%）和会议（10.9%）。分配给学生和监护人团体活动的时间最少，占2.8%。用于与儿童、青少年和/或监护人直接互动的时间占总时间的36%，而其余64%的时间花在了不涉及直接互动的活动上。
本研究深入了解了挪威学校卫生服务中学校护士如何支配她们的时间，并表明不同任务所花费的时间差异很大。未来的研究应调查这些差异背后的原因，并分析各项活动中使用的内容和干预措施。尽管该研究是在挪威背景下进行的，但描述时间使用情况的方法适用于其他卫生部门和国家。
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