Bucksch Jens, Häußler Angela, Schneider Katja, Finne Emily, Schmidt Katrin, Dadacynski Kevin, Sudeck Gorden
University of Education Heidelberg Faculty of Natural and Sociological Sciences, Department of Prevention and Health Promotion.
University of Education Heidelberg Heidelberg Centre for Prevention and Health Promotion.
J Health Monit. 2020 Sep 16;5(3):21-36. doi: 10.25646/6900. eCollection 2020 Sep.
Numerous findings are known to exist between dietary habits, physical activity, and child and adolescent health. Here, we will use data from the most recent Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study to describe dietary habits and patterns of physical activity. Using the survey data for 11-, 13- and 15-year-old students from across Germany, we report findings for key indicators of diet and physical activity for the 2017/18 cycle. By comparing these findings with data from the 2009/10 and 2013/14 survey cycles, we also consider current trends. Results from the most recent cycle show that 10.0% of girls and 16.9% of boys meet the World Health Organization's (WHO) physical activity recommendations. Across all HBSC cycles, this is the lowest figure so far. Concerning dietary habits, 50.6% of girls and 59.0% of boys reported having breakfast every morning. Data for daily fruit, vegetable and soft drink consumption emphasises the need to promote a healthy diet among adolescents. For all indicators of physical activity and diet, differences between girls and boys are apparent. Girls' intake of fruit and vegetables is higher and they consume fewer soft drinks, yet boys are more physically active and have breakfast more regularly. For the majority of indicators of dietary habits and physical activity, considerable inequalities relating to family affluence are observed. An important implication of the study results for dietary habits and physical activity of older children and adolescents is the need to foster settings-based approaches to promote physical activity and a healthy diet that integrate a gender-sensitive perspective.
众所周知，饮食习惯、体育活动与儿童及青少年健康之间存在诸多关联。在此，我们将运用最新的学龄儿童健康行为（HBSC）研究数据来描述饮食习惯和体育活动模式。利用来自德国各地11岁、13岁和15岁学生的调查数据，我们报告2017/18周期饮食和体育活动关键指标的研究结果。通过将这些结果与2009/10和2013/14调查周期的数据进行比较，我们还考量了当前的趋势。最新周期的结果显示，10.0%的女孩和16.9%的男孩达到了世界卫生组织（WHO）的体育活动建议标准。在所有HBSC周期中，这是迄今为止的最低数字。关于饮食习惯，50.6%的女孩和59.0%的男孩报告称每天早上吃早餐。每日水果、蔬菜和软饮料消费的数据凸显了在青少年中推广健康饮食的必要性。在体育活动和饮食的所有指标方面，女孩和男孩之间的差异显而易见。女孩的水果和蔬菜摄入量更高且软饮料消费量更少，但男孩的体育活动更多且吃早餐更规律。对于饮食习惯和体育活动的大多数指标而言，观察到与家庭富裕程度相关的显著不平等现象。该研究结果对于大龄儿童和青少年饮食习惯及体育活动的一个重要启示是，需要采用基于环境的方法来促进体育活动和健康饮食，并纳入性别敏感视角。
