Cai Zhidong, Shi Lin, Wu Wenjie, Meng Liang, Ru Yao, Wu Moulin
Department of Physical Education, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China.
School of Physical Education, Chengdu Sports University, Chengdu, China.
Front Psychol. 2025 May 1;16:1599861. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1599861. eCollection 2025.
Although the acute effects of exercise on executive function are extensively documented in the field of exercise psychology, a thorough assessment of neuroelectric brain activity that is underlying executive function following acute exercise is absent. This systematic review investigated the effects of acute exercise on event-related potentials through their amplitude and latency.
Six electronic databases were searched from their inception to April 15, 2024. This review analyzed the influence of variables such as exercise dosage, test duration, population characteristics, and physical fitness on event-related potential components and executive function. The proportions of positive and null or negative effects across all studies were systematically assessed.
In total, 52 studies were included in the analysis. The results revealed that 45 (86.5%) of the 52 studies focused on inhibitory control, with moderate-intensity aerobic exercise lasting 16-35 min demonstrating a positive effect on event-related potential components. Nine event-related potential components were examined, with P3 (observed in 43 studies), N2 (17 studies), and N1 (5 studies) being the most frequently reported. Thirty-seven studies (86%) demonstrated that exercise enhanced P3 wave amplitude, whereas 13 studies (27.1%) observed a reduction in latency. Eight studies (53.3%) indicated an increase in N2 wave amplitude following exercise, whereas two studies (13.3%) reported a decrease in latency.
Moderate-intensity acute aerobic exercise lasting 16-35 min demonstrates a positive impact on both executive function performance and event-related potential components, with effects lasting approximately 30 min. The optimal intervention dosage for resistance exercise, mind-body exercise, and other types of exercise necessitates further investigation in future studies.
尽管运动对执行功能的急性影响在运动心理学领域已有广泛记载，但对急性运动后执行功能背后的神经电活动缺乏全面评估。本系统评价通过事件相关电位的幅度和潜伏期研究了急性运动对其的影响。
检索了六个电子数据库，检索时间从建库至2024年4月15日。本评价分析了运动剂量、测试持续时间、人群特征和身体素质等变量对事件相关电位成分和执行功能的影响。系统评估了所有研究中积极、无或消极影响的比例。
分析共纳入52项研究。结果显示，52项研究中有45项（86.5%）聚焦于抑制控制，持续16 - 35分钟的中等强度有氧运动对事件相关电位成分有积极影响。研究了9个事件相关电位成分，其中P3（43项研究中有观察到）、N2（17项研究）和N1（5项研究）是报告最频繁的。37项研究（86%）表明运动增强了P3波幅，而13项研究（27.1%）观察到潜伏期缩短。8项研究（53.3%）表明运动后N2波幅增加，而2项研究（13.3%）报告潜伏期缩短。
持续16 - 35分钟的中等强度急性有氧运动对执行功能表现和事件相关电位成分均有积极影响，效果持续约30分钟。抗阻运动、身心运动和其他类型运动的最佳干预剂量有待未来研究进一步探究。
