Zhang Hailong, Li Dan, Zheng Jiayang, Bao Jingyue, Wang Zhiliang, Qiu Yafeng, Liu Ke, Li Zongjie, Li Beibei, Shao Donghua, Liu Juxiang, Ma Zhiyong, Wei Jianchao
Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China.
College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China.
Sci Adv. 2025 May 16;11(20):eads7441. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.ads7441.
The transmission cycle of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), involving pigs and birds as amplifying hosts and mosquitoes as vectors, was elucidated in the 1950s. However, factors contributing to this cycle remain unclear. Here, sheep were infected with a JEV strain isolated from sheep exhibiting neurological symptoms. The results revealed that sheep are susceptible to JEV infection and develop viremia, with levels and duration comparable to those observed in pigs, a known JEV-amplifying host. Mosquitoes fed viremic sheep blood showed an infection rate of 40.6 to 57.1%. These findings indicate that sheep can serve as amplifying hosts for JEV, potentially contributing to JEV transmission and increasing the public health risk of human infections. We propose an alternative, sheep-associated rural domestic JEV transmission cycle, which may be prevalent in specific regions where sheep are bred but pigs are not. This cycle exists along with the well-known pig-associated rural domestic and bird-associated wild cycles.
日本脑炎病毒（JEV）的传播周期在20世纪50年代得以阐明，该周期涉及猪和鸟类作为扩增宿主，蚊子作为传播媒介。然而，促成这一周期的因素仍不清楚。在此，用从表现出神经症状的绵羊中分离出的一株JEV感染绵羊。结果显示，绵羊对JEV感染易感并出现病毒血症，其水平和持续时间与在已知的JEV扩增宿主猪中观察到的相当。吸食病毒血症绵羊血液的蚊子感染率为40.6%至57.1%。这些发现表明，绵羊可作为JEV的扩增宿主，可能有助于JEV传播并增加人类感染的公共卫生风险。我们提出了另一种与绵羊相关的农村家庭JEV传播周期，这一周期可能在养殖绵羊但不养殖猪的特定地区普遍存在。这个周期与众所周知的与猪相关的农村家庭传播周期和与鸟类相关的野生传播周期并存。
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