Duménil Claire, Spitaler Urban, Rehermann Guillermo, Bianchi Flavia, Favaro Riccardo, Castellan Irene, Schmidt Silvia, Eisenstecken Daniela, Becher Paul G, Angeli Sergio
Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università 1, Bolzano, Italy.
Institute for Plant Health, Laimburg Research Centre, Laimburg 6, Auer-Ora, Italy.
PLoS One. 2025 May 19;20(5):e0323653. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0323653. eCollection 2025.
Attract-and-kill strategies are effective, sustainable pest control methods. Formulations combining the insecticide spinosad, at a lower dose than conventional methods, with the Drosophila-associated yeast Hanseniaspora uvarum have shown promising results. Recently, Saccharomycopsis vini was identified as the most attractive yeast for ovipositing females. In this study, the potential of S. vini for use in attract-and-kill formulations against D. suzukii was evaluated alongside H. uvarum. Behavioural assays demonstrated that D. suzukii preferred S. vini when both yeasts are simultaneously present in a close range setting but was attracted to both in long range attraction assays. In efficacy assays, S. vini and H. uvarum were equally efficient at reducing oviposition and increasing mortality in formulation with spinosad. Offering yeast formulations at the foraging sites of trained honey bees did not stimulate more feeding when compared to sugar syrup. The characterisation of the organic volatile compounds released from the cultures demonstrated that S. vini and H. uvarum were composed of overlapping as well as distinct chemicals. The antennally active compounds ethyl acetate and ethyl propanoate were abundant in the more attractive S. vini and H. uvarum, while the compounds 3-methyl-1-butanol and 2-methylthiolan-3-one were more abundant in the less attractive S. cerevisiae. These chemicals may be further studied as possible attractants or repellents for D. suzukii. We propose S. vini as a new yeast with potential for use in integrated pest management, with a distinctive volatile profile while maintaining a similar efficacy compared to H. uvarum against D. suzukii. Neither H. uvarum nor S. vini stimulated honey bee foraging behaviour, suggesting that both yeast-based attract-and-kill formulations pose a low non-target risk to honey bees.
诱捕并杀灭策略是有效的、可持续的害虫防治方法。将剂量低于传统方法的杀虫剂多杀菌素与与果蝇相关的葡萄汁有孢汉逊酵母相结合的制剂已显示出有前景的结果。最近，酿酒有孢圆酵母被鉴定为对产卵雌虫最具吸引力的酵母。在本研究中，将酿酒有孢圆酵母与葡萄汁有孢汉逊酵母一起用于针对铃木氏果蝇的诱捕并杀灭制剂的潜力进行了评估。行为分析表明，当两种酵母同时近距离存在时，铃木氏果蝇更喜欢酿酒有孢圆酵母，但在远距离引诱试验中，两种酵母都能吸引果蝇。在功效试验中，在与多杀菌素的制剂中，酿酒有孢圆酵母和葡萄汁有孢汉逊酵母在减少产卵和增加死亡率方面同样有效。与糖浆相比，在经过训练的蜜蜂的觅食地点提供酵母制剂不会刺激更多的取食。对培养物释放的有机挥发性化合物的表征表明，酿酒有孢圆酵母和葡萄汁有孢汉逊酵母由重叠以及不同的化学物质组成。在更具吸引力的酿酒有孢圆酵母和葡萄汁有孢汉逊酵母中，触角活性化合物乙酸乙酯和丙酸乙酯含量丰富，而在吸引力较小的酿酒酵母中，化合物3-甲基-1-丁醇和2-甲基硫代-3-酮含量更高。这些化学物质可能作为铃木氏果蝇可能的引诱剂或驱避剂进行进一步研究。我们提出酿酒有孢圆酵母作为一种有潜力用于综合害虫管理的新酵母，其具有独特的挥发性特征，同时与葡萄汁有孢汉逊酵母相比，对铃木氏果蝇保持相似的功效。葡萄汁有孢汉逊酵母和酿酒有孢圆酵母都不会刺激蜜蜂的觅食行为，这表明两种基于酵母的诱捕并杀灭制剂对蜜蜂构成的非靶标风险较低。
