Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares UNLP-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.
Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares UNLP-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina; Departamento de Ciencias Básicas y Experimentales, Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de Buenos Aires, Pergamino, Argentina.
J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2019 Dec;137:143-151. doi: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.09.016. Epub 2019 Oct 25.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a role in the pathophysiological processes and in different diseases, including cardiovascular disease. Out of several categories of EVs, exosomes (smallest - 30 to 150 nm) are gaining most of the focus as the next generation of biomarkers and in therapeutic strategies. This is because exosomes can be differentiated from other types of EVs based on the expression of tetraspanin molecules on the surface. More importantly, exosomes can be traced back to the cell of origin by identifying the unique cellular marker(s) on the exosomal surface. Recently, several researchs have demonstrated an important and underappreciated mechanism of paracrine cell-cell communication involving exosomal transfer, and its subsequent functional impact on recipient cells. Exosomes are enriched in proteins, mRNAs, miRNAs, and other non-coding RNAs, which can potentially alter myocardial function. Additionally, different stages of tissue damage can also be identified by measuring these bioactive molecules in the circulation. There are several aspects of this new concept still unknown. Therefore, in this review, we have summarized the knowledge we have so far and highlighted the potential of this novel concept of next generation biomarkers and therapeutic intervention.
细胞外囊泡 (EVs) 在病理生理过程和各种疾病中发挥作用，包括心血管疾病。在几种 EV 类别中，外泌体（最小的 30 至 150nm）由于作为下一代生物标志物和治疗策略的潜力而引起了最多的关注。这是因为可以基于表面上四跨膜蛋白分子的表达将外泌体与其他类型的 EV 区分开来。更重要的是，可以通过鉴定外泌体表面上独特的细胞标记物将外泌体追溯到起源细胞。最近，几项研究已经证明了涉及外泌体转移的旁分泌细胞-细胞通讯的重要且未被充分认识的机制，以及其对受体细胞的后续功能影响。外泌体富含蛋白质、mRNA、miRNA 和其他非编码 RNA，这些物质有可能改变心肌功能。此外，还可以通过测量循环中的这些生物活性分子来识别组织损伤的不同阶段。这个新概念仍有几个方面尚不清楚。因此，在这篇综述中，我们总结了迄今为止我们所掌握的知识，并强调了下一代生物标志物和治疗干预这一新概念的潜力。
