Heterointerface-Modulated Synthetic Synapses Exhibiting Complex Multiscale Plasticity.

An asymmetric dual-gate heterointerface-regulated artificial synapse (HRAS) is developed, utilizing a main gate with distinct ion concentrations and a lateral gate to receive synaptic pulses, and through dielectric coupling and ionic effects, formed indium tin zinc oxide (ITZO) dual-interface channels that allow precise control over channel charge, thereby simulating multi-level coordinated actions of dual-neurotransmitters. The lateral modulation of the lateral gate significantly regulates ionic effects, achieving the intricate interplay among lateral inhibition/enhancement and short-/long-term plasticity at a multi-level scale for the first time. This interplay enables the HRAS device to simulate frequency-dependent image filtering and spike number-dependent dynamic visual persistence. By combining temporal synaptic inputs with lateral modulation, HRAS harnesses spatiotemporal properties for bio-inspired cryptographic applications, offering a versatile device-level platform for secure information processing. Furthermore, a novel dual-gate input neural network architecture based on HRAS has been proposed, which aids in weight update and demonstrates enhanced recognition capabilities in neural network tasks, highlighting its role in bio-inspired computing.