Crossley Dane A, Thornburg Kent
Department of Biological Sciences University of North Texas Denton Texas, 76205, United States.
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR 97201, United States.
Poult Sci. 2025 Aug;104(8):105278. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2025.105278. Epub 2025 May 9.
Model organisms are commonly used to investigate and characterize the physiology of embryonic and fetal vertebrates. The embryonic chicken has been used extensively to study the physiology of the developing cardiovascular system in vertebrates. Using this model general patterns of cardiovascular development have been thoroughly characterized in the avian embryo. However, given the differences in morphology, total incubation length and neonatal maturity found across avian species, the specific patterns of cardiovascular development established in a chicken strain may not apply universally to avian embryos. In fact, recent studies have demonstrated that aspects of cardiovascular regulation in embryonic chickens may be strain specific. Thus, we predicted that two chicken strains, the red jungle fowl and the black Sumatran bantam chicken, would exhibit different patterns of cardiovascular function and regulation during development. The red jungle fowl was selected as is represents the strain that domestic chickens are derived from and the Sumatran chicken was selected as one of the strains that were derived from the red jungle fowl. When measured on the same days of incubation, arterial pressure was lower in the Sumatran embryo compared to the red jungle fowl, while heart rate was similar between the strains. Cholinergic receptor tone on heart rate increased in strength over the study period and was present on day 13 of incubation in the Sumatran embryos while its function was delayed until day 17 of red jungle fowl incubation. Finally, both strains showed β adrenergic tone on heart rate on all days of incubation studied and α adrenergic tone on arterial pressure on day 19. Collectively our data suggest that timing of functional cholinergic tone on heart rate is strain dependent, while beta adrenergic tone on heart rate was functional on similar days of incubation.
模式生物通常用于研究和表征胚胎及胎儿脊椎动物的生理学。胚胎期的鸡已被广泛用于研究脊椎动物发育中心血管系统的生理学。利用这个模型，心血管发育的一般模式已在禽类胚胎中得到充分表征。然而，鉴于禽类物种在形态、总孵化时长和新生成熟度方面存在差异，在一个鸡品系中确立的心血管发育特定模式可能并不普遍适用于禽类胚胎。事实上，最近的研究表明，胚胎期鸡的心血管调节方面可能具有品系特异性。因此，我们预测，红原鸡和黑色苏门答腊矮脚鸡这两个鸡品系在发育过程中会表现出不同的心血管功能和调节模式。选择红原鸡是因为它代表了家鸡的起源品系，选择苏门答腊鸡是因为它是源自红原鸡的品系之一。在相同的孵化天数进行测量时，苏门答腊胚胎的动脉压低于红原鸡，而两个品系的心率相似。在研究期间，心率的胆碱能受体张力强度增加，在苏门答腊胚胎孵化的第13天就已出现，而其功能在红原鸡孵化至第17天才延迟出现。最后，在所有研究的孵化天数中，两个品系的心率均表现出β肾上腺素能张力，在第19天动脉压表现出α肾上腺素能张力。总体而言，我们的数据表明，心率的功能性胆碱能张力出现时间具有品系依赖性，而心率的β肾上腺素能张力在相似的孵化天数发挥作用。
