非医疗职业的新冠病毒感染风险：一项系统综述与荟萃分析
SARS-CoV-2 infection risk by non-healthcare occupations: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
作者信息
Gabriel Katharina M A, Schröder Christin, Wolf Rebecca, Bolm-Audorff Ulrich, Kienast Camilla, Smolinska Joanna, Petereit-Haack Gabriela, Seidler Andreas
机构信息
Division 'Work and Health', Unit 'Medical Occupational Safety and Health, Occupational Diseases', Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Nöldnerstr. 42, Berlin, 10317, Germany.
Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine (IPAS), Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden, 01307, Germany.
出版信息
J Occup Med Toxicol. 2025 May 22;20(1):17. doi: 10.1186/s12995-025-00462-9.
BACKGROUND
During the COVID-19 pandemic, several industries were deemed essential. However, information on infection risk in occupational settings outside of healthcare workers and medical staff (HCWs) remain scarce. Thus, a systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted to compile the risk of infection to SARS-CoV-2 in non-healthcare workers (non-HCWs).
METHODS
We screened three databases (EMBASE, PubMed, medRχiv) for studies on SARS-CoV-2 infection risk in working population. Several stages of severity (infection, hospitalisation, admission to intensive care unit (ICU), mortality) were eligible. Occupational specifications were harmonised according to the German classification of professions (KldB). All reported risk estimators were considered. Studies were analysed for their risk of bias. Results of random-effects meta-analyses were assessed for their evidence according to GRADE. Subgroup analyses were run for 'outcome', 'comparison group', and 'risk of bias'.
RESULTS
Of 9,081 publications identified, 25 were recognised as eligible, mainly describing the first year of the pandemic. For 20 occupations, we were able to carry out meta-analyses on KldB-4-level by integrating all stages of severity. Nine occupations were identified with a statistically significantly increased risk of infection for SARS-CoV-2, four of which had a relative risk (RR) of > 2: Occupations in meat processing (RR = 3.58 [95%-CI 1.46; 8.77]), occupations in building cleaning services (RR = 2.55 [95%-CI 1.51; 4.31]), occupations in cargo handling (RR = 2.52 [95%-CI 2.27; 2.79]) and cooks (RR = 2.53 [95%-CI 1.75; 3.67]). The certainty of evidence of eight results was found moderate or high.
CONCLUSIONS
The first systematic review and meta-analysis of occupational SARS-CoV-2 infection risk in occupations other than HCWs revealed a considerably elevated risk in individual related services as well as in commercial services.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
PROSPERO CRD42021297572.
背景
在新冠疫情期间，多个行业被视为关键行业。然而，关于医护人员以外职业环境中的感染风险信息仍然匮乏。因此，我们进行了一项系统综述和荟萃分析，以汇总非医护人员感染新冠病毒的风险。
方法
我们在三个数据库（EMBASE、PubMed、medRχiv）中筛选关于工作人群中新冠病毒感染风险的研究。几个严重程度阶段（感染、住院、入住重症监护病房（ICU）、死亡）均符合要求。职业规范根据德国职业分类（KldB）进行统一。所有报告的风险估计值均被考虑在内。分析研究的偏倚风险。根据GRADE评估随机效应荟萃分析结果的证据。针对“结果”、“比较组”和“偏倚风险”进行亚组分析。
结果
在识别出的9081篇出版物中，25篇被认定为符合要求，主要描述了疫情的第一年。对于20种职业，我们能够通过整合所有严重程度阶段，在KldB - 4级别上进行荟萃分析。确定有9种职业感染新冠病毒的风险在统计学上显著增加，其中4种职业的相对风险（RR）>2：肉类加工职业（RR = 3.58 [95%置信区间1.46；8.77]）、建筑清洁服务职业（RR = 2.55 [95%置信区间1.51；4.31]）、货物处理职业（RR = 2.52 [95%置信区间2.27；2.79]）和厨师职业（RR = 2.53 [95%置信区间1.75；3.67]）。八项结果的证据确定性被判定为中等或高。
结论
首次对医护人员以外职业的新冠病毒职业感染风险进行的系统综述和荟萃分析显示，个体相关服务以及商业服务中的风险显著升高。
试验注册
PROSPERO CRD42021297572。
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