Lipka Antoine, Luthardt Chloé, Tognaccioli Teddy, Cairo Beatrice, Abreu Raphael Martins de
Department of Health, LUNEX University of Applied Sciences, Differdange, Luxembourg.
Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Physiol Rep. 2025 May;13(10):e70357. doi: 10.14814/phy2.70357.
This systematic review aims to determine if there is a correlation between heart rate variability (HRV) indices and overtraining symptoms (OTS) in soccer players. Conforming to PRISMA guidelines, a search was conducted in February 2024 on Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and SCOPUS. Studies published in English investigating the relationship between HRV parameters and OTS in adult soccer players (>18 years) were included. Accepted study designs were randomized controlled trials, controlled clinical trials, longitudinal studies, prospective studies, cross-sectional studies, and retrospective studies. Methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist. The search identified 2041 articles, with 19 included postscreening. Most studies examined the correlation between HRV and OTS using linear indices. The average JBI checklist score was 6.3, indicating fair methodological quality. Thirteen studies showed a relationship between linear HRV parameters and OTS, linked to performance/clinical tests, training load, adaptation, fatigue, recovery, or hormonal markers. Thirteen correlations involved HRV frequency domain parameters, and 28 involved HRV time domain characteristics. HRV indexes were linked to OTS markers such as physical performance and psychological aspects in soccer players. Standardization in research methodologies, addressing confounding factors, and exploring additional indexes are crucial in the future.
本系统评价旨在确定足球运动员的心率变异性（HRV）指标与过度训练症状（OTS）之间是否存在相关性。按照PRISMA指南，于2024年2月在Web of Science、PubMed、EMBASE、CINAHL和SCOPUS上进行了检索。纳入了以英文发表的、研究成年足球运动员（>18岁）HRV参数与OTS之间关系的研究。纳入的研究设计包括随机对照试验、对照临床试验、纵向研究、前瞻性研究、横断面研究和回顾性研究。使用乔安娜·布里格斯研究所（JBI）清单评估方法学质量。检索共识别出2041篇文章，筛选后纳入19篇。大多数研究使用线性指标检验HRV与OTS之间的相关性。JBI清单平均得分6.3，表明方法学质量一般。13项研究显示线性HRV参数与OTS之间存在关联，与运动表现/临床测试、训练负荷、适应、疲劳、恢复或激素指标有关。13项相关性涉及HRV频域参数，28项涉及HRV时域特征。HRV指标与足球运动员的运动表现和心理等OTS标志物相关。未来，研究方法的标准化、解决混杂因素以及探索其他指标至关重要。
