School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, QLD,Australia.
Sports Performance, Recovery, Injury and New Technologies (SPRINT) Research Centre, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, QLD,Australia.
Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2022 May 1;17(5):675-681. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2021-0448. Epub 2022 Mar 23.
To understand overtraining syndrome (OTS), it is important to detail the physiological and psychological changes that occur in athletes.
To systematically establish and detail the physiological and psychological changes that occur as a result of OTS in athletes.
Databases were searched for studies that were (1) original investigations; (2) English, full-text articles; (3) published in peer-reviewed journals; (4) investigations into adult humans and provided (5) objective evidence that detailed changes in performance from prior to the onset of OTS diagnosis and that performance was suppressed for more than 4 weeks and (6) objective evidence of psychological symptoms.
Zero studies provided objective evidence of detailed changes in performance from prior to the onset of OTS diagnosis and demonstrated suppressed performance for more than 4 weeks accompanied by changes in psychological symptoms.
All studies failed to provide evidence of changes in performance and mood from "healthy" to an overtrained state with evidence of prolonged suppression of performance. While OTS may be observed in the field, little data is available describing how physiological and psychological symptoms manifest. This stems from vague terminology, difficulties in monitoring for prolonged periods of time, and the need for prospective testing. Real-world settings may facilitate the collection of such data, but the ideal testing battery that can easily be conducted on a regular basis does not yet exist. Consequently, it must be concluded that an evidence base of sufficient scientific quality for understanding OTS in athletes is lacking.
要了解过度训练综合征（OTS），详细了解运动员身上发生的生理和心理变化是很重要的。
系统地建立和详细描述运动员发生 OTS 时出现的生理和心理变化。
在数据库中搜索符合以下标准的研究：（1）原始研究；（2）英文全文文章；（3）发表在同行评议期刊上；（4）针对成年人的研究；（5）提供客观证据，详细说明从 OTS 诊断前开始的运动表现变化，且运动表现抑制超过 4 周；（6）提供客观的心理症状证据。
没有研究提供 OTS 诊断前的运动表现详细变化的客观证据，也没有证明运动表现抑制超过 4 周，同时伴随着心理症状的变化。
所有研究都未能提供从“健康”到过度训练状态的运动和情绪变化的证据，且证据表明运动表现抑制时间较长。尽管在实际中可能观察到 OTS，但可用的数据很少，无法描述生理和心理症状的表现方式。这源于术语模糊、长时间监测的困难以及对前瞻性测试的需求。现实环境可能有利于此类数据的收集，但目前还没有理想的、可以定期进行的测试组合。因此，必须得出结论，目前缺乏足以了解运动员 OTS 的高质量科学证据。
