Araujo Alexandre Castelo Branco, Souza Orivaldo Florencio de, Kersanach Betina Bolina, Mozzer Julia Silva Cesar, Feitosa Victor Lopes, Brandão Vinicius Andreata, Alencar Filomena Euridice Carvalho de, Oliveira Norma Suely, Silva Andrea Vasconcellos Batista da, Abreu Luiz Carlos de
Study Design and Scientific Writing Laboratory, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitoria CEP29043-900, Brazil.
Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Acre, Rio Branco CEP69915-900, Brazil.
Epidemiologia (Basel). 2025 May 5;6(2):22. doi: 10.3390/epidemiologia6020022.
Congenital syphilis (CS) is an important infectious cause of miscarriage, stillbirth, and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Despite the advances in diagnosis and treatment, CS continues to challenge health systems with increasing incidence and mortality rates in recent years worldwide. Given this, the present study aims to comparatively analyze the temporal trends in CS incidence and mortality in Brazil's Southeast Region from 2008 to 2022. This is an ecological time-series study using secondary data on congenital syphilis from the states of Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo. The data was extracted from the Brazilian Health System Informatics Department. Incidence and mortality rates were calculated per 100,000 live births. Joinpoint regression models were employed to identify trends in annual percentage change and average annual percentage change with 95% confidence intervals. The temporal trend of CS incidence in Brazil's Southeast Region increased 12.8% between 2008 and 2022. Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Espírito Santo, and Rio de Janeiro showed increasing temporal trends of 21.4%, 14.1%, 14.0%, and 10.9%, respectively. The temporal trend of CS mortality in Brazil's Southeast Region rose 11.9% between 2008 and 2022. Minas Gerais, São Paulo, and Rio de Janeiro exhibited increasing mortality temporal trends of 21.9%, 20.8%, and 10.1%, respectively. In contrast, Espírito Santo showed reduced mortality, with no deaths in 2021 and 2022. The temporal trend of CS incidence increased in all states of Brazil's Southeast Region between 2008 and 2022, highlighting the need to reassess control measures. The temporal trend of CS mortality also increased during the same period, except in Espírito Santo. Considering that CS is preventable with adequate prenatal care and low-cost measures, these findings can serve as instruments to support strengthening public health policies.
先天性梅毒（CS）是导致流产、死产以及新生儿发病和死亡的一个重要感染原因。尽管在诊断和治疗方面取得了进展，但近年来，全球范围内先天性梅毒的发病率和死亡率不断上升，仍给卫生系统带来挑战。鉴于此，本研究旨在比较分析2008年至2022年巴西东南部地区先天性梅毒发病率和死亡率的时间趋势。这是一项生态时间序列研究，使用了来自圣埃斯皮里图州、米纳斯吉拉斯州、里约热内卢州和圣保罗州的先天性梅毒二级数据。数据取自巴西卫生系统信息部。发病率和死亡率按每10万例活产计算。采用Joinpoint回归模型确定年度百分比变化趋势和平均年度百分比变化趋势，并给出95%置信区间。2008年至2022年期间，巴西东南部地区先天性梅毒发病率的时间趋势上升了12.8%。米纳斯吉拉斯州、圣保罗州、圣埃斯皮里图州和里约热内卢州的时间趋势分别上升了21.4%、14.1%、14.0%和10.9%。2008年至2022年期间，巴西东南部地区先天性梅毒死亡率的时间趋势上升了11.9%。米纳斯吉拉斯州、圣保罗州和里约热内卢州的死亡率时间趋势分别上升了21.9%、20.8%和10.1%。相比之下，圣埃斯皮里图州的死亡率有所下降，2021年和2022年无死亡病例。2008年至2022年期间，巴西东南部地区所有州的先天性梅毒发病率时间趋势均上升，这突出表明需要重新评估控制措施。同期，除圣埃斯皮里图州外，先天性梅毒死亡率的时间趋势也有所上升。鉴于通过充分的产前护理和低成本措施可预防先天性梅毒，这些研究结果可作为支持加强公共卫生政策的工具。
