Deng Ming-Zhu, Zhong Ming-Yu, Li Meng-Li, Huang Gui-Qun, He Hao, Xiao Xiao, Bai Ruo-Bing, Ukwatta Ruchika Hansanie, Mi Li, Zhang Ting-Ting, Hu Yong-Hong, Shi Hui-Cheng, Wang Yin-Zhu
College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, PR China; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, PR China.
College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, PR China.
Anal Chim Acta. 2025 Aug 1;1361:344148. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2025.344148. Epub 2025 May 11.
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is a promising analytical technique that combines electrochemistry with chemiluminescence. The performance of ECL systems depends on luminophores. Nonetheless, conventional luminophores present certain limitations. At first, their ECL efficiencies often fall short of the requirements for accurate detection. Moreover, in complex environments, traditional materials struggle to selectively identify target compounds and are prone to interference. Furthermore, these materials exhibit a deficiency in flexibility and tunability, attributed to their rigid structure and inherent characteristics. Advancing ECL technology necessitates the creation of novel materials that improve efficiency, selectivity, stability, and flexibility.
This review emphasizes the recent advances in ECL nanomaterials and their applications in biosensors. The discussion starts with a comprehensive examination of two main mechanisms of ECL emission: quenching ECL and co-reactant ECL. Various nanomaterials are then discussed, including semiconductor nanomaterials, metal nanoclusters, carbon nanomaterials, nanoscale aggregation-induced emission materials, organic nanomaterials, and composite nanomaterials, with emphasis on their unique ECL properties. Examples illustrate specific applications in disease diagnosis, environmental monitoring, and food safety testing. The review further examines the structural and luminescent characteristics of nanomaterials, which facilitate the advancement of novel ECL detection methodologies. Finally, we examine the existing challenges and propose possible avenues for the future advancement of innovative ECL nanomaterials.
ECL nanomaterials possess unique quantum sizes and surface effects. Through the design and selection of appropriate nanomaterials, extremely sensitive, selective, and stable ECL biosensors may be developed for the detection of particular targets, applicable in disease diagnostics, food safety, and environmental monitoring.
电化学发光（ECL）是一种将电化学与化学发光相结合的很有前景的分析技术。ECL系统的性能取决于发光体。然而，传统发光体存在一定局限性。首先，它们的ECL效率往往达不到精确检测的要求。此外，在复杂环境中，传统材料难以选择性识别目标化合物，且容易受到干扰。再者，由于其刚性结构和固有特性，这些材料在灵活性和可调节性方面存在不足。推进ECL技术需要创造出能提高效率、选择性、稳定性和灵活性的新型材料。
本综述重点介绍了ECL纳米材料的最新进展及其在生物传感器中的应用。讨论首先全面考察了ECL发射的两种主要机制：猝灭ECL和共反应剂ECL。然后讨论了各种纳米材料，包括半导体纳米材料、金属纳米团簇、碳纳米材料、纳米级聚集诱导发光材料、有机纳米材料和复合纳米材料，重点介绍了它们独特的ECL特性。实例说明了在疾病诊断、环境监测和食品安全检测中的具体应用。该综述进一步研究了纳米材料的结构和发光特性，这有助于推进新型ECL检测方法。最后，我们审视了现有挑战，并提出了创新型ECL纳米材料未来发展的可能途径。
ECL纳米材料具有独特的量子尺寸和表面效应。通过设计和选择合适的纳米材料，可以开发出极其灵敏、选择性高且稳定的ECL生物传感器，用于检测特定目标，适用于疾病诊断、食品安全和环境监测。
