Sajjadi Ahmad, Mayani Suranjana V, Ballal Suhas, Al-Hasnaawei Shaker, Singh Abhayveer, Chennakesavulu Kattela, Joshi Kamal Kant
Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
Marwadi University Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Marwadi University Rajkot Gujarat India
Nanoscale Adv. 2025 May 8. doi: 10.1039/d5na00247h.
The A3 coupling reaction, which facilitates the synthesis of 2-thioarylbenzoazoles, represents a significant transformation in organic chemistry with implications in drug discovery and materials science. In this study, we introduce a novel nanocatalyst, AlFeO@SiO-SOH, designed to enhance the efficiency and sustainability of this reaction. The catalyst is synthesized by functionalizing aluminum ferrite (AlFeO) with chlorosulfonic acid (Cl-SOH), promoting its role as an effective acid catalyst. Utilizing deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as a green reaction medium further contributes to the sustainability of the process by providing a biodegradable and non-toxic environment. Optimization studies were conducted to determine the optimal reaction conditions, including catalyst loading, temperature, and solvent composition. Characterization of the nanocatalyst was performed using techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to confirm successful synthesis and functionalization. The AlFeO@SiO-SOH nanocatalyst exhibited excellent catalytic activity, resulting in high yields of 2-thioarylbenzoazoles under mild conditions while allowing for easy recovery and reuse without significant loss of activity. This work demonstrates the potential of AlFeO@SiO-SOH as a sustainable catalytic system for A3 coupling reactions, contributing to the development of environmentally friendly methodologies in organic synthesis.
促进2-硫代芳基苯并唑合成的A3偶联反应是有机化学中的一项重大转变，对药物发现和材料科学具有重要意义。在本研究中，我们引入了一种新型纳米催化剂AlFeO@SiO-SOH，旨在提高该反应的效率和可持续性。该催化剂是通过用氯磺酸（Cl-SOH）对铁酸铝（AlFeO）进行功能化合成的，从而增强其作为有效酸催化剂的作用。使用深共熔溶剂（DESs）作为绿色反应介质，通过提供可生物降解且无毒的环境，进一步提高了该过程的可持续性。进行了优化研究以确定最佳反应条件，包括催化剂负载量、温度和溶剂组成。使用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）等技术对纳米催化剂进行了表征，以确认成功合成和功能化。AlFeO@SiO-SOH纳米催化剂表现出优异的催化活性，在温和条件下可获得高产率的2-硫代芳基苯并唑，同时易于回收和重复使用，而活性没有明显损失。这项工作证明了AlFeO@SiO-SOH作为A3偶联反应可持续催化体系的潜力，有助于有机合成中环保方法的发展。
