Wu Chang-Hong, Yang Yi, Xu Xia, Wang Ning, Li Qiao, Geng Lu, Bao Shan-Jun
School of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China.
Sports Drug Rehabilitation Center of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
Sports (Basel). 2025 May 20;13(5):154. doi: 10.3390/sports13050154.
This study investigated the impact of mental fatigue on the temporal perceptual prediction of action recognition among boxers of different skill levels.
A mixed experimental design of two (groups: Mental Fatigue Expert Group and Mental Fatigue Novice Group) × two (technique types: attack and defense) × three (time shields: -80 ms, -40 ms, and action start) was implemented. Twenty expert and novice boxers participated in this study. Mental fatigue was induced using a 45-min Stroop paradigm, and the effects were assessed using the VAS, Brog-20, BRUMS-F, and BRUMS-V. The experimental procedure for time perception was developed using E-prime 3.0, incorporating 36 videos depicting various attack and defense techniques, and reaction time and accuracy were recorded.
(1) A significant main effect on reaction time (RT) was observed (F (1,38) = 5.97, < 0.05, η = 0.14) but not on accuracy (ACC), suggesting a pronounced influence of mental fatigue on novice boxers' temporal perceptual prediction in action recognition; (2) significant main effects of skill types were noted in both RT (F (1,38) = 9.03, < 0.05, η = 0.19) and ACC (F (1,38) = 18.496, < 0.05, η = 0.327), indicating disparities in the recognition of offensive and defensive skills under mental fatigue; (3) temporal shielding significantly influenced both RT (F (2,76) = 31.42, < 0.05, η = 0.45) and ACC (F (2,76) = 125.727, < 0.05, η = 0.768), with -80 ms showing a lower RT and ACC compared to -40 ms and action initiation; (4) second-order interaction effects were present in both RT (F (2,76) = 9.85, < 0.05, η = 0.21) and ACC (F (2,76) = 8.773, < 0.05, η = 0.188), with the RT interaction suggesting a negative impact on perceptual prediction at -80 ms and a faster offensive RT than defensive RT. The ACC interaction indicated that under mental fatigue, -40 ms approached and exceeded -80 ms in both offensive and defensive actions, with higher ACC in offense than defense; and (5) a third-order interaction effect among group, technique type, and time shielding on RT (F (2,76) = 3.92, < 0.05, η = 0.09) suggests that mental fatigue more significantly affects novice defensive technique RT than offensive technique.
(1) The 45-min Stroop task effectively induced mental fatigue. (2) Mental fatigue negatively impacts both expert and novice boxers, with a more pronounced effect on experts' defensive skills. (3) The -40 ms time perception is crucial for predicting action recognition as it approaches action initiation.
本研究调查了心理疲劳对不同技能水平拳击手动作识别时间知觉预测的影响。
采用两（组：心理疲劳专家组和心理疲劳新手组）×两（技术类型：进攻和防守）×三（时间屏蔽：-80毫秒、-40毫秒和动作开始）的混合实验设计。20名专家级和新手级拳击手参与了本研究。使用45分钟的斯特鲁普范式诱发心理疲劳，并使用视觉模拟评分法（VAS）、Brog-20、BRUMS-F和BRUMS-V评估其效果。使用E-prime 3.0开发时间知觉的实验程序，纳入36个描绘各种进攻和防守技术的视频，并记录反应时间和准确性。
（1）观察到对反应时间（RT）有显著的主效应（F(1,38)=5.97，<0.05，η=0.14），但对准确性（ACC）没有显著主效应，这表明心理疲劳对新手拳击手动作识别中的时间知觉预测有显著影响；（2）在RT（F(1,38)=9.03，<0.05，η=0.19）和ACC（F(1,38)=18.496，<0.05，η=0.327）中都注意到技能类型的显著主效应，这表明心理疲劳下进攻和防守技能的识别存在差异；（3）时间屏蔽对RT（F(2,76)=31.42，<0.05，η=0.45）和ACC（F(2,76)=125.727，<0.05，η=0.768）都有显著影响，与-40毫秒和动作开始相比，-80毫秒的RT和ACC较低；（4）在RT（F(2,76)=9.85，<0.05，η=0.21）和ACC（F(2,76)=8.773，<0.05，η=0.188）中都存在二阶交互效应，RT交互效应表明在-80毫秒时对知觉预测有负面影响，进攻RT比防守RT更快。ACC交互效应表明，在心理疲劳下，-40毫秒在进攻和防守动作中接近并超过-80毫秒，进攻中的ACC高于防守；（5）组、技术类型和时间屏蔽对RT的三阶交互效应（F(2,76)=3.92，<0.05，η=0.09）表明，心理疲劳对新手防守技术RT的影响比对进攻技术的影响更显著。
（1）45分钟的斯特鲁普任务有效地诱发了心理疲劳。（2）心理疲劳对专家级和新手级拳击手都有负面影响，对专家的防守技能影响更明显。（3）-40毫秒的时间知觉对于预测动作识别至关重要，因为它接近动作开始。
