Normal Weight, Overweight and Obesity Conditions Associated to Prostate Neoplasm Stages-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Prostate cancer (PCa) represents the second-most common cancer among men worldwide. Obesity is generally considered as a risk factor for cancer and it has been associated with a 20-30% increased risk of PCa death. The present systematic review and meta-analyses aimed to highlight any existing trends between prostate neoplasm stages according to normal weight, overweight and obesity conditions. All interventional records such as randomized clinical trials, quasi-experimental studies and observational studies were included in the present systematic review and meta-analysis which reported PCa stages according to Gleason (GS) or TNM scores according to the BMI-related incidence, as normal weight, overweight and obesity groups. Twenty-nine studies were included in the present study. As regards the GS scoring system, 1.09% of high grade in GS was reported among PCa normal weights. Among PCa overweights, 0.98% of low grade was registered in GS. The same trend was recorded among obese PCa patients, since 0.79% of low grade in GS was also registered. As regards TNM scores, both normal weight, overweight and obese PCa patients registered a significant incidence in non-advanced TNM score, without any significant differences considering higher TNM assessments. Although the literature seemed to be more in favor of associations between BMI and GS, no specific mechanisms were highlighted between obesity and PCa progression. In this regard, the low androgen microenvironment in obese men could play an important role, but further studies will be necessary in this direction.