Huq Md Amdadul, Rana Md Rasel, Samad Abdus, Rahman Md Shahedur, Rahman M Mizanur, Ashrafudoulla Md, Akter Shahina, Park Jong-Whi
Department of Life Sciences, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea.
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Rabindra Maitree University, Kushtia 7000, Bangladesh.
Biomedicines. 2025 May 13;13(5):1184. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines13051184.
Drug resistance is a serious problem for human health worldwide. Day by day this drug resistance is increasing and creating an anxious situation for the treatment of both cancer and infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms. Researchers are trying to solve this terrible situation to overcome drug resistance. Biosynthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) could be a promising agent for controlling drug-resistant pathogenic microorganisms and cancer cells. AuNPs can be synthesized via chemical and physical approaches, carrying many threats to the ecosystem. Green synthesis of AuNPs using biological agents such as plants and microbes is the most fascinating and attractive alternative to physicochemical synthesis as it offers many advantages, such as simplicity, non-toxicity, cost-effectiveness, and eco-friendliness. Plant extracts contain numerous biomolecules, and microorganisms produce various metabolites that act as reducing, capping, and stabilizing agents during the synthesis of AuNPs. The characterization of green-synthesized AuNPs has been conducted using multiple instruments including UV-Vis spectrophotometry (UV-Vis), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), DLS, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). AuNPs have detrimental effects on bacterial and cancer cells via the disruption of cell membranes, fragmentation of DNA, production of reactive oxygen species, and impairment of metabolism. The biocompatibility and biosafety of synthesized AuNPs must be investigated using a proper in vitro and in vivo screening model system. In this review, we have emphasized the green, facile, and eco-friendly synthesis of AuNPs using plants and microorganisms and their potential antimicrobial and anticancer applications and highlighted their antibacterial and anticancer mechanisms. This study demonstrates that green-synthesized AuNPs may potentially be used to control pathogenic bacteria as well as cancer cells.
耐药性是全球人类健康面临的一个严重问题。这种耐药性日益增加，给癌症治疗以及由致病微生物引起的传染病治疗带来了令人焦虑的局面。研究人员正试图解决这一严峻形势以克服耐药性。生物合成的金纳米颗粒（AuNPs）可能是控制耐药致病微生物和癌细胞的一种有前景的制剂。AuNPs可通过化学和物理方法合成，但会对生态系统造成诸多威胁。利用植物和微生物等生物制剂对AuNPs进行绿色合成是物理化学合成最具吸引力的替代方法，因为它具有许多优点，如操作简单、无毒、成本效益高和生态友好。植物提取物含有众多生物分子，微生物会产生各种代谢产物，它们在AuNPs合成过程中充当还原剂、封端剂和稳定剂。已使用多种仪器对绿色合成的AuNPs进行了表征，包括紫外可见分光光度法（UV-Vis）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、原子力显微镜（AFM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、动态光散射（DLS）和傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）。AuNPs通过破坏细胞膜、使DNA断裂、产生活性氧以及损害新陈代谢等方式对细菌和癌细胞产生有害影响。必须使用合适的体外和体内筛选模型系统来研究合成的AuNPs的生物相容性和生物安全性。在本综述中，我们着重介绍了利用植物和微生物对AuNPs进行绿色、简便且生态友好的合成及其潜在的抗菌和抗癌应用，并突出了它们的抗菌和抗癌机制。这项研究表明，绿色合成的AuNPs可能有潜力用于控制病原菌以及癌细胞。
