Terré Maite, Solana-Tramunt Mònica
Facultat de Psicologia, Ciències de l'Educació i l'Esport (FPCEE) Blanquerna, University Ramon Llull, 08022 Barcelona, Spain.
Healthcare (Basel). 2025 May 15;13(10):1153. doi: 10.3390/healthcare13101153.
Shoulder injuries are common in overhead sports like tennis due to repetitive unilateral movements that can lead to muscle imbalances. This study aimed to compare muscle recruitment and asymmetry during bilateral shoulder injury prevention exercises (performed with both arms simultaneously) in tennis players versus non-tennis athletes. Thirty-nine athletes (sixteen tennis players, twenty-three non-tennis athletes) performed two bilateral scapular retraction exercises at 45° and 90° shoulder abduction. Surface electromyography (sEMG) recorded the activation of the middle and lower trapezius. Root Mean Square (RMS), peak RMS and muscle symmetry indices were analyzed. Tennis players showed significantly lower trapezius activation, especially during prone retraction at 90°. Muscle symmetry was slightly higher in tennis players at 90°, but asymmetry increased at 45°, suggesting angle-specific adaptations. Repetitive asymmetric loading in tennis may reduce the activation of scapular stabilizers and contribute to muscular imbalances. Including targeted bilateral exercises in training may help improve scapular muscle function and reduce injury risk in overhead athletes.
由于重复性单侧运动可能导致肌肉失衡，肩部损伤在网球等过头运动中很常见。本研究旨在比较网球运动员与非网球运动员在双侧肩部预防损伤练习（双臂同时进行）期间的肌肉募集和不对称情况。39名运动员（16名网球运动员，23名非网球运动员）在肩部外展45°和90°时进行了两项双侧肩胛骨后缩练习。表面肌电图（sEMG）记录了中下斜方肌的激活情况。分析了均方根（RMS）、峰值RMS和肌肉对称指数。网球运动员的斜方肌激活明显较低，尤其是在90°俯卧后缩时。网球运动员在90°时肌肉对称性略高，但在45°时不对称性增加，表明存在特定角度的适应性变化。网球运动中重复性的不对称负荷可能会降低肩胛骨稳定肌的激活，并导致肌肉失衡。在训练中纳入有针对性的双侧练习可能有助于改善过头运动运动员的肩胛骨肌肉功能并降低受伤风险。
