Martínez-Marrero Nadia, Muñoz-Escalante Juan Carlos, Wong-Chew Rosa Maria, Torres-González Pedro, García-León Miguel Leonardo, Bautista-Carbajal Patricia, Martínez-Arce Pedro Antonio, Espinosa-Sotero María Del Carmen, Tabla-Orozco Verónica, Rojas-Larios Fabian, Juárez-Tobías Susana, González-Ortiz Ana María, Alpuche-Solís Ángel Gabriel, Noyola Daniel E
Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico.
Microbiology Department, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí (UASLP), Av. Sierra Leona 550, San Luis Potosi 78210, Mexico.
Viruses. 2025 Apr 30;17(5):651. doi: 10.3390/v17050651.
Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is a leading cause of severe respiratory infections among children, older adults, and immunocompromised individuals. The COVID-19 pandemic and the non-pharmacological interventions to mitigate it resulted in significant changes in HRSV epidemiology and seasonality patterns. Worldwide, there was a considerable reduction in the number of HRSV infections during that period, and the impact of those changes on genotype distribution is still not fully understood. In this work, we analyzed the genotypic characteristics of HRSV strains detected between 2021 and 2024 in Mexico with the aim of identifying changes in circulating lineages. HRSV positive samples collected in five states in Mexico were used. The complete viral attachment glycoprotein gene was sequenced, and phylogenetic inference was performed using datasets including all sequences available at GenBank and GISAID until 30 June 2024. We obtained 114 HRSV sequences (63.2% HRSV-A and 36.8% HRSV-B); 19 were from the 2021-2022 season, 53 from 2022-2023, and 42 from 2023-2024. All HRSV-A sequences clustered with sequences from other countries within A.D lineages, including A.D.1, A.D.3, A.D.5.1, and A.D.5.2 lineages. All HRSV-B sequences clustered in the B.D.E.1 lineage with sequences collected between 2020 and 2024. In conclusion, the characterization of HRSV viruses circulating in Mexico during and after the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and comparison to all available sequences reported to date corroborates that, on a global scale, HRSV-A viruses of several A.D lineages circulate simultaneously, while HRSV-B viruses are restricted to the B.D.E.1 lineage.
人呼吸道合胞病毒（HRSV）是导致儿童、老年人和免疫功能低下者发生严重呼吸道感染的主要原因。2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行以及为减轻其影响而采取的非药物干预措施导致HRSV流行病学和季节性模式发生了重大变化。在全球范围内，这一时期HRSV感染数量大幅减少，而这些变化对基因型分布的影响仍未完全了解。在这项研究中，我们分析了2021年至2024年期间在墨西哥检测到的HRSV毒株的基因型特征，目的是确定流行谱系的变化。我们使用了在墨西哥五个州收集的HRSV阳性样本。对完整的病毒附着糖蛋白基因进行测序，并使用截至2024年6月30日在GenBank和全球共享流感数据倡议组织（GISAID）上可获得的所有序列数据集进行系统发育推断。我们获得了114条HRSV序列（63.2%为HRSV-A，36.8%为HRSV-B）；19条来自2021-2022季节，53条来自2022-2023季节，42条来自2023-2024季节。所有HRSV-A序列均与来自其他国家的A.D谱系序列聚类，包括A.D.1、A.D.3、A.D.5.1和A.D.5.2谱系。所有HRSV-B序列均与2020年至2024年期间收集的序列聚类在B.D.E.1谱系中。总之，对严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）大流行期间及之后在墨西哥流行的HRSV病毒进行特征分析，并与迄今报告的所有可用序列进行比较，证实了在全球范围内，几种A.D谱系的HRSV-A病毒同时流行，而HRSV-B病毒则局限于B.D.E.1谱系。
