中和抗体水平是决定新型猪流行性腹泻病毒α冠状病毒疫苗免疫原性效力的关键因素。
Neutralizing antibody levels as a key factor in determining the immunogenic efficacy of the novel PEDV alpha coronavirus vaccine.
作者信息
Hu Guangli, Luo Xin, Liao Jiamin, Zou Chuangchao, Huang Yihui, Geng Rui, Zhao Zhiqing, Shen Hanqin, Cao Yongchang, Peng Ouyang, Zhang Hao
机构信息
State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Guangdong Provincial Enterprise Key Laboratory of Healthy Animal Husbandry and Environment Control, Wen's Foodstuff Group Co. Ltd, Yunfu, China.
出版信息
Vet Q. 2025 Dec;45(1):1-20. doi: 10.1080/01652176.2025.2509506. Epub 2025 May 28.
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes significant global agricultural losses. Despite commercial inactivated and live attenuated vaccines, persistent outbreaks underscore the need for more effective solutions. Here, we isolated a novel Chinese PEDV variant, PEDV ShXXY2-2023, with amino acid substitutions in key neutralizing epitopes (N-terminal domain, receptor-binding domain, and CO-26K equivalent epitope) compared to vaccine strains. An inactivated ShXXY2-2023 vaccine induced higher neutralizing antibodies and superior cross-protection versus commercial vaccines. Vaccinated sows conferred enhanced protection to offspring, improving piglet survival post-challenge. Maternal serum neutralizing antibody titers correlated strongly with piglet survival; titers of 1:377-1:774 at one week prepartum yielded >80% protective efficacy. These findings emphasize neutralizing antibodies' critical role in PEDV prevention and position ShXXY2-2023 as a promising vaccine candidate, with broader implications for coronavirus vaccine development.
猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)给全球农业造成了重大损失。尽管有商业化的灭活疫苗和减毒活疫苗,但疫情持续爆发凸显了寻求更有效解决方案的必要性。在此,我们分离出一种新型的中国PEDV变异株PEDV ShXXY2-2023,与疫苗株相比,其关键中和表位(N端结构域、受体结合结构域和CO-26K等效表位)存在氨基酸替换。一种灭活的ShXXY2-2023疫苗诱导产生的中和抗体水平更高,与商业疫苗相比具有更强的交叉保护作用。接种疫苗的母猪为后代提供了更强的保护,提高了仔猪攻毒后的存活率。母源血清中和抗体滴度与仔猪存活率密切相关;产前一周滴度为1:377-1:774时,保护效力>80%。这些发现强调了中和抗体在PEDV预防中的关键作用,并将ShXXY2-2023定位为一种有前景的疫苗候选物,对冠状病毒疫苗开发具有更广泛的意义。