Seukep Armel Jackson, Ojong Ojong Carlos Gerard, Mbuntcha Helene Gueaba, Matieta Valaire Yemene, Zeuko'o Elisabeth Menkem, Kouam Arnaud Fondjo, Kuete Victor, Ndip Lucy Ayamba
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.
Department of Biochemistry, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
J Trop Med. 2025 May 20;2025:9916282. doi: 10.1155/jotm/9916282. eCollection 2025.
The increase in antibiotic resistance has increased the demand for new and safe therapeutic options. Herbal beverages, whether used alone or combined with standard antibiotics, have shown promise in combating drug-resistant bacteria. This study investigated the antibacterial activity and combinatorial efficacy of common herbal beverages prepared from clove, cinnamon, and thyme. The inhibitory and cidal effects were examined using MIC and MBC on a panel of 14 multidrug-resistant strains and clinical isolates (resistant to ciprofloxacin (CIP), tetracycline (TET), and erythromycin (ERY)), including , and species, , and . The combinatorial efficacy was further evaluated using a fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICi). Qualitative phytochemical screening of the plant extracts followed established protocols. The tested botanicals showed inhibitory effects against all 14 tested bacteria, with varying degrees of potency (MICs ranged from 13.33 ± 2.67 to 1024 ± 0.00 μg/mL). The aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts of clove demonstrated the highest activity, with most MIC values ranging from 13.33 ± 2.67 to 256 ± 0.00 μg/mL, indicating excellent to good efficacy. When combined with TET, CIP, and ERY, clove extracts exhibited significant synergistic and additive interactions, leading to more than a 100-fold reduction in the MICs of the antibiotics in some cases. The most notable synergistic interactions were observed with the combination of clove hydroethanol extract with TET (FICi = 0.078 ± 0.016) against . The findings indicate possible optimization of antibiotic treatment strategies using these combinations, which may help mitigate antibiotic resistance and improve patient outcomes. However, an antagonistic effect was observed with the clove aqueous extract and CIP on , which may require further evaluation. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of several major bioactive secondary metabolites, including phenols, flavonoids, tannins, anthocyanins, saponins, and alkaloids. Overall, the tested botanicals, particularly clove, demonstrate considerable potential in fighting drug-resistant bacteria, either through direct action or by enhancing the effectiveness of existing antibiotics. Further, in vivo testing and investigation of the mechanisms behind the active combinations are recommended to assess their overall efficacy.
抗生素耐药性的增加使得对新型安全治疗方案的需求不断上升。草药饮品,无论是单独使用还是与标准抗生素联合使用,在对抗耐药菌方面都显示出了前景。本研究调查了由丁香、肉桂和百里香制备的常见草药饮品的抗菌活性及联合疗效。使用最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC)对一组14种多重耐药菌株和临床分离株(对环丙沙星(CIP)、四环素(TET)和红霉素(ERY)耐药)进行了抑菌和杀菌效果检测,这些菌株包括 、 和 菌种, 、 和 。使用分数抑菌浓度指数(FICi)进一步评估联合疗效。按照既定方案对植物提取物进行定性植物化学筛选。受试植物对所有14种受试细菌均显示出抑制作用,效力程度各异(MIC范围为13.33±2.67至1024±0.00μg/mL)。丁香的水提取物和氢乙醇提取物显示出最高活性,大多数MIC值范围为13.33±2.67至256±0.00μg/mL,表明疗效优异至良好。当与TET、CIP和ERY联合使用时,丁香提取物表现出显著的协同和相加相互作用,在某些情况下导致抗生素的MIC降低超过100倍。观察到丁香氢乙醇提取物与TET联合使用(FICi = 0.078±0.016)对抗 时具有最显著的协同相互作用。研究结果表明使用这些联合方案可能优化抗生素治疗策略,这可能有助于减轻抗生素耐药性并改善患者预后。然而,观察到丁香水提取物与CIP对 具有拮抗作用,这可能需要进一步评估。植物化学分析揭示了几种主要的生物活性次生代谢产物的存在,包括酚类、黄酮类、单宁、花青素、皂苷和生物碱。总体而言,受试植物,尤其是丁香,无论是通过直接作用还是通过增强现有抗生素的有效性,在对抗耐药菌方面都显示出相当大的潜力。此外,建议进行体内测试并研究活性联合背后的机制,以评估它们的整体疗效。
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