Karagol Seher, Macar Oksal, Çavuşoğlu Kültiğin, Yalçın Emine
Faculty of Science and Art, Department of Biology, Giresun University, Giresun-Türkiye, Giresun, Türkiye.
Sci Rep. 2025 May 28;15(1):18663. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-03923-7.
This research provides a comprehensive understanding of the toxicity of omethoate, a widely used organophosphate pesticide, in a non-target test organism, Allium cepa L. In this study, the control group received distilled water, while the treatment groups were exposed to omethoate at concentrations of 2 mg/L, 3.1 mg/L and 5.7 mg/L for 72 h, respectively.At the end of the experimental period, physiological, cytogenetic, biochemical, and meristematic cell damage level analyses were carried out. Rooting ratio (%), root elongation, and weight gain in the omethoate-treated groups were notably reduced compared to the control. The degree of growth inhibition became more pronounced as the concentration of omethoate increased. Omethoate caused cytogenetic damage, considering the increased micronucleus, chromosomal aberrations, DNA damage, and decreased mitotic index levels compared to control group values. Chromosomal aberrations observed after omethoate exposure were ranked from most to least dense, such as sticky chromosome, vagrant chromosome, fragment, bridge, and unequal chromatin distribution. Omethoate treatment promoted a rise in both activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase and malondialdehyde levels, which are indicators of oxidative stress. Among the other biochemical parameters examined, proline level increased, and chlorophyll a and b levels decreased in omethoate-treated groups. The adverse effects on genotoxicity and biochemical parameters increased as the dose of omethoate increased. The disorders induced by omethoate pesticide in root tip meristem cells were epidermis cell damage, flattened nucleus, cortex cell damage, thickened cortex cell wall, and thickened conduction tissue. According to the findings of this study, omethoate is a chemical that causes multifaceted and dose-dependent toxicity in A. cepa.
本研究全面了解了广泛使用的有机磷农药氧化乐果对非靶标测试生物洋葱（Allium cepa L.）的毒性。在本研究中，对照组接受蒸馏水，而处理组分别暴露于浓度为2毫克/升、3.1毫克/升和5.7毫克/升的氧化乐果中72小时。在实验期结束时，进行了生理、细胞遗传学、生化和分生组织细胞损伤水平分析。与对照组相比，氧化乐果处理组的生根率（%）、根伸长和重量增加显著降低。随着氧化乐果浓度的增加，生长抑制程度变得更加明显。与对照组值相比，氧化乐果导致细胞遗传学损伤，表现为微核增加、染色体畸变、DNA损伤和有丝分裂指数水平降低。氧化乐果暴露后观察到的染色体畸变从最密集到最不密集依次为：粘性染色体、游移染色体、片段、桥和染色质分布不均。氧化乐果处理促进了超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性以及丙二醛水平的升高，这些都是氧化应激的指标。在检查的其他生化参数中，氧化乐果处理组的脯氨酸水平升高，叶绿素a和b水平降低。随着氧化乐果剂量的增加，对遗传毒性和生化参数的不利影响增加。氧化乐果农药在根尖分生组织细胞中引起的紊乱包括表皮细胞损伤、细胞核扁平、皮层细胞损伤、皮层细胞壁增厚和传导组织增厚。根据本研究的结果，氧化乐果是一种在洋葱中引起多方面和剂量依赖性毒性的化学物质。
