Szczepanski Lena, Stonner Insa, Fiebelkorn Florian
Biology Didactics, Department of Biology/Chemistry Osnabrück University Osnabrück Germany.
Food Sci Nutr. 2025 May 20;13(5):e70259. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.70259. eCollection 2025 May.
This study aimed to analyze and compare adolescents' conceptions of plant-based milk alternatives (PBMAs) and precision fermentation-based milk alternatives (AFM), their ingredients, and production. For this purpose, a qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews was chosen. A total of twenty-five adolescents from Germany aged between 16 and 19 years were interviewed in September and October 2022. The interviews were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The results show that the adolescents in our study held simplified conceptions of the ingredients (water, oats, sugar) and production (grind oats, mix with water, and heat the liquid if necessary) of PBMAs. Their conceptions differed depending on cow's milk and PBMA consumption, with PBMA consumers having the most differentiated conceptions. Regarding AFM, the adolescents held vague conceptions and expressed their lack of familiarity with the product. They either had no concept of AFM or believed AFM to be artificial, synthetic, or laboratory milk. In conclusion, adolescents' conceptions of milk alternatives were simplified and dependent on consumption patterns, with PBMA consumers having more differentiated conceptions. Based on our findings, we suggest that nutritional education should address the ingredients and production of cow's milk and milk alternatives, as well as their advantages and disadvantages, to enable young people to make informed decisions about their consumption of milk (alternatives).
本研究旨在分析和比较青少年对植物基牛奶替代品（PBMA）和精准发酵基牛奶替代品（AFM）的认知、其成分及生产情况。为此，选择了采用半结构化访谈的定性研究方法。2022年9月和10月，共对25名年龄在16至19岁之间的德国青少年进行了访谈。运用定性内容分析法对访谈进行了分析。结果表明，我们研究中的青少年对PBMA的成分（水、燕麦、糖）和生产（研磨燕麦、与水混合、必要时加热液体）持有简化的认知。他们的认知因牛奶和PBMA的消费情况而异，其中PBMA消费者的认知最为分化。关于AFM，青少年持有模糊的认知，并表示对该产品缺乏了解。他们要么对AFM毫无概念，要么认为AFM是人造的、合成的或实验室制造的牛奶。总之，青少年对牛奶替代品的认知较为简化，且依赖于消费模式，PBMA消费者的认知更为分化。基于我们的研究结果，我们建议营养教育应涉及牛奶和牛奶替代品的成分、生产以及它们的优缺点，以使年轻人能够就其牛奶（替代品）消费做出明智的决定。
