Valenzuela-Martínez Sandra, Ramírez-Expósito María Jesús, Carrera-González María Pilar, Martínez-Martos José Manuel
Experimental and Clinical Physiopathology Research Group CTS-1039, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus Universitario Las Lagunillas, 23009 Jaén, Spain.
Department of Nursing, Pharmacology and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC) IMIBIC Building, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Av. Menéndez Pidal, s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.
Biomedicines. 2023 Apr 19;11(4):1220. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines11041220.
Osteoporosis is a major public health problem today. We are facing an aging society where the average life expectancy continues to increase. Osteoporosis affects more than 30% of postmenopausal women due to hormonal changes that occur during this time. Postmenopausal osteoporosis is therefore of particular concern. The aim of this review is to identify the etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of this disease and lay the foundation for the role nurses should play in preventing postmenopausal osteoporosis. Several risk factors are associated with osteoporosis. In addition to age and sex, genetics, ethnicity, diet, or the presence of other disorders determine the development of this disease. The key factors include exercise, a balanced diet, and high levels of vitamin D. This is primarily from a solar source, and infancy is the time when future bone formation is greatest. There are now medications that can complement these preventive measures. The work of nursing staff is not only prevention, but also early detection and early treatment. In addition, imparting information and knowledge about the disease to the population is key to preventing an osteoporosis epidemic. In this study, a detailed description is provided of the biological and physiological disease, the preventive measures currently being researched, the information currently available to the population, and how health professionals address osteoporosis from a preventive perspective.
骨质疏松症是当今一个重大的公共卫生问题。我们正面临着一个老龄化社会，平均预期寿命持续增长。由于绝经期间发生的激素变化，超过30%的绝经后女性受到骨质疏松症的影响。因此，绝经后骨质疏松症尤其令人关注。本综述的目的是确定这种疾病的病因、病理生理学、诊断和治疗方法，并为护士在预防绝经后骨质疏松症中应发挥的作用奠定基础。骨质疏松症与多种风险因素相关。除了年龄和性别外，遗传、种族、饮食或其他疾病的存在决定了这种疾病的发展。关键因素包括运动、均衡饮食和高水平的维生素D。维生素D主要来自阳光照射，婴儿期是未来骨骼形成最旺盛的时期。现在有一些药物可以补充这些预防措施。护理人员的工作不仅包括预防，还包括早期发现和早期治疗。此外，向公众传授有关该疾病的信息和知识是预防骨质疏松症流行的关键。在本研究中，详细描述了该疾病的生物学和生理学特征、目前正在研究的预防措施、公众目前可获得的信息，以及卫生专业人员如何从预防角度应对骨质疏松症。
