Impacts of penicillin G on Chlamydia trachomatis serovar D and host HeLa cells in genital infections.

This study investigated the impacts of penicillin G on the Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) Serovar D and host cells in urogenital infections. HeLa cells were infected with CT for 2 h and then treated with different concentrations of penicillin G. The aberrant CT group was compared to untreated CT using dual RNA sequencing, lncRNA sequencing, and bioinformatics analysis. Treatment with 150 U/ml penicillin G for 48 h caused significant abnormalities in CT inclusion bodies. A total of 93 differentially expressed mRNAs were involved in biological processes such as protein modification, cofactor biosynthesis, and response to stimuli. Key pathways affected included peptidoglycan biosynthesis and degradation, oxidative phosphorylation, and bacterial secretion systems. Additionally, penicillin G induced significant changes in CT morphology and mRNA expression, as well as in host HeLa cellular mRNA and lncRNA profiles. These changes may contribute to chronic inflammation, treatment resistance, and potentially tumorigenesis.