Chainok Phornpot, Abdul Diogo Rego, Pizarro Andreia Isabel Nogueira, Barreira João, Ribeiro José Carlos, Santos Maria Paula, Dos Santos José Augusto Rodrigues, Ribeiro João, Ribeiro João, Zacca Rodrigo
Faculty of Sport Science, Burapha University, Saen Suk, Thailand.
Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports (FADEUP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Front Sports Act Living. 2025 May 16;7:1553694. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2025.1553694. eCollection 2025.
Playing football at very different competitive levels can lead to different physical and physiological demands. Daily routines of these practitioners can also show differences in terms of leisure time, main professional occupations, among other activities. Therefore, understanding the physical and physiological demands between recreational and Semi-Professional players is crucial for designing appropriate training programs and assessing potential health benefits. We compared physical and physiological demands, particularly, considering external load at different heart rate (HR) intensity zones, between recreational and Semi-Professional football players by means of an ecological approach. We evaluated internal and external load related variables during i) a typical week of training and ii) a 90-min 11-vs.-11 official football match in recreational ( = 9) and Semi-Professional teams ( = 7). The measures were collected using wearable technologies (high-frequency GPS tracking and inertial devices). Semi-Professional players performed more training sessions·week (4 vs. 2) and are likely to be involved in 26.2% higher weekly vigorous physical activity volume (min·week-1) (95%CI: 49.2-87.5 min·week-1; = 0.050; ɳp = 0.175; small effect) than recreational practitioners, despite any other type of professional occupation. Mean pre-match baseline HR was 17% lower in Semi-Professional than recreational group ( = 0.003; ɳp: 0.475; moderate effect). Likewise, mean HR reserve was 12% higher in semi-professional than recreational players ( = 0.002; ɳp: 0.-0.551; moderate effect). Mean HR values during 90 min 11-vs.-11 official football match were 80 ± 6%HRmax (Semi-Professionals; = 7) and 81 ± 5%HRmax (recreational; = 9), respectively (diff: -1%; 95%IC: -7.8 to 4.9%; = 0.630; ɳp: 0.017). Semi-Professional players covered 41% more distance at high HR (>85% HRmax) (95% CI: 211-5,103 m, = 0.035, ² = 0.279; moderate effect) during 11-vs.-11 official football match, suggesting greater cardiorespiratoy fitness when compared to recreational players. At last, the distance covered at 70%-80% HR level was positively associated with the % at very vigorous physical activity levels in training ( = 0.033; = 0.533). These findings suggest that recreational players may require modified training protocols to optimize performance while managing internal load.
参与不同竞技水平的足球运动可能会带来不同的身体和生理需求。这些从业者的日常活动在休闲时间、主要职业等方面也存在差异。因此,了解业余球员和半职业球员之间的身体和生理需求,对于设计合适的训练计划以及评估潜在的健康益处至关重要。我们采用生态学方法,比较了业余和半职业足球运动员的身体和生理需求,特别考虑了不同心率(HR)强度区域的外部负荷。我们在业余(n = 9)和半职业球队(n = 7)的i)一个典型的训练周和ii)一场90分钟的11对11正式足球比赛期间,评估了与内部和外部负荷相关的变量。这些测量数据是使用可穿戴技术(高频GPS跟踪和惯性设备)收集的。半职业球员每周进行更多的训练课程(4次对2次),并且尽管职业类型不同,但他们每周剧烈身体活动量(分钟·周-1)可能比业余从业者高26.2%(95%CI:49.2 - 87.5分钟·周-1;p = 0.050;ηp = 0.175;小效应)。半职业组比赛前的平均基线心率比业余组低17%(p = 0.003;ηp:0.475;中等效应)。同样,半职业球员的平均心率储备比业余球员高12%(p = 0.002;ηp:0.551;中等效应)。在90分钟的11对11正式足球比赛期间,平均心率值分别为80 ± 6%HRmax(半职业球员;n = 7)和81 ± 5%HRmax(业余球员;n = 9)(差异:-1%;9%IC:-7.8至4.9%;p = 0.630;ηp:0.017)。在11对11正式足球比赛期间,半职业球员在高心率(>85%HRmax)时的跑动距离多41%(95%CI:211 - 5103米,p = 0.035,η² = 0.279;中等效应),这表明与业余球员相比,他们的心肺功能更强。最后,在70% - 80%心率水平的跑动距离与训练中非常剧烈身体活动水平的百分比呈正相关(p = 0.033;r = 0.533)。这些发现表明,业余球员可能需要调整训练方案,以在管理内部负荷的同时优化表现。