Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Granada, 18010 Granada, Spain.
University of Coimbra, Centro de Investigaçao do Desporto e da Atividade Física, Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e Educaçao Física, 3030 Coimbra, Portugal.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Jan 24;17(3):756. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17030756.
Decision-making in soccer has repercussions and depends on the environment of training or competition. The demands on the players can reveal if the decision-making is similar or different from that required during competition. The aim of this study was to assess the physical and physiological responses of players in training matches (TM) and official competition matches (CM) according to the playing position (external defenders, internal defenders, midfielders, and forwards/extremes). Twenty semi-professional male soccer players and 10 CM (n = 40) and 10 TM (n = 40) were studied using global positioning system technology, and paired and one-way ANOVA tests were carried out to compare physical (distances and number of sprints) and physiological (heart rates) responses with the factors a) match environments (TM and CM) and b) the playing position, respectively. The results revealed that during CM, players covered higher total distance, partial distances, and sprints at different speeds (0-21 km/h) and produced higher physiological responses. Midfielders covered the greatest total distance in both TM (7227.6 m) and CM (11,225.9 m), in comparison to the other playing positions. However, forwards and extremes spent more time (56.8% of the CM [d = 0.78]) at 76% to 84% of their maximal heart rates. First, the physical and physiological responses in TM were significantly lower than in CM. Second, these responses were different according to the playing position, so this study was able to verify the exact amount of variation between the load produced in TM and CM. These results will help the coach and technical staff to design training tasks to complement the responses found in TM.
足球比赛中的决策具有影响，并且取决于训练或比赛的环境。球员的需求可以揭示决策是否与比赛中所需的决策相似或不同。本研究的目的是根据比赛位置（外部后卫、内部后卫、中场和前锋/边锋）评估训练比赛（TM）和正式比赛比赛（CM）中球员的身体和生理反应。使用全球定位系统技术研究了 20 名半职业男性足球运动员和 10 名 CM（n = 40）和 10 名 TM（n = 40），并进行了配对和单向方差分析测试，以比较物理（距离和冲刺次数）和生理（心率）响应与因素 a）比赛环境（TM 和 CM）和 b）比赛位置。结果表明，在 CM 中，球员覆盖的总距离、部分距离和不同速度（0-21km/h）的冲刺次数更高，产生的生理反应更高。与其他比赛位置相比，中场球员在 TM（7227.6m）和 CM（11225.9m）中覆盖的总距离最大。然而，前锋和边锋在 CM 中花费的时间更多（56.8%[d = 0.78]），心率达到 76%至 84%的最大心率。首先，TM 中的身体和生理反应明显低于 CM。其次，这些反应根据比赛位置而有所不同，因此本研究能够验证 TM 和 CM 之间产生的负荷之间的确切变化量。这些结果将帮助教练和技术人员设计训练任务，以补充 TM 中发现的反应。
