Koletic Carolina, Mrad Amanda, Martin Anthony, Devkota Suzanne
F. Widjaja Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Institute and.
Human Microbiome Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
J Clin Invest. 2025 Jun 2;135(11). doi: 10.1172/JCI184319.
The gut microbiome has been linked to everything from human behavior to athletic performance to disease pathogenesis. And yet, few universal truths have emerged regarding how the microbiome exerts its effects or responds to the host environment except for one: gut microbiota are exquisitely sensitive to human diets. What we eat from birth onward shapes our gut microbiome composition and function, and this is likely an evolutionarily conserved interaction that benefits the microbe and often the host. However, modern diets and lifestyles have created discordance between our slowly evolving human genome and rapidly adaptable microbiome, and have been implicated in the rise of chronic diseases over the past 75 years. Diet and microbiome interactions have been reviewed extensively, so here we focus on areas of microbiome research that have most illuminated natural and disruptive dietary forces over time in humans, and where we may have opportunities to restore the natural balance of host with microbes in our modern world.
肠道微生物群与从人类行为到运动表现再到疾病发病机制等方方面面都存在关联。然而，除了一点之外，关于微生物群如何发挥其作用或对宿主环境做出反应，几乎没有出现普遍适用的真理：肠道微生物群对人类饮食极其敏感。我们从出生起所吃的食物塑造了我们肠道微生物群的组成和功能，这可能是一种在进化上保守的相互作用，对微生物以及通常对宿主都有益。然而，现代饮食和生活方式已经在我们缓慢进化的人类基因组和快速适应的微生物群之间造成了不协调，并且在过去75年中与慢性病的增加有关。饮食与微生物群的相互作用已经得到了广泛的综述，所以在这里我们关注微生物群研究的一些领域，这些领域随着时间的推移，最能阐明人类饮食中的自然和干扰因素，以及在现代世界中我们可能有机会恢复宿主与微生物自然平衡的地方。
