Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
Center for Food and Biomolecules, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
Commun Biol. 2024 Jun 20;7(1):749. doi: 10.1038/s42003-024-06224-3.
Dietary emulsifiers are linked to various diseases. The recent discovery of the role of gut microbiota-host interactions on health and disease warrants the safety reassessment of dietary emulsifiers through the lens of gut microbiota. Lecithin, sucrose fatty acid esters, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), and mono- and diglycerides (MDG) emulsifiers are common dietary emulsifiers with high exposure levels in the population. This study demonstrates that sucrose fatty acid esters and carboxymethylcellulose induce hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in a mouse model. Lecithin, sucrose fatty acid esters, and CMC disrupt glucose homeostasis in the in vitro insulin-resistance model. MDG impairs circulating lipid and glucose metabolism. All emulsifiers change the intestinal microbiota diversity and induce gut microbiota dysbiosis. Lecithin, sucrose fatty acid esters, and CMC do not impact mucus-bacterial interactions, whereas MDG tends to cause bacterial encroachment into the inner mucus layer and enhance inflammation potential by raising circulating lipopolysaccharide. Our findings demonstrate the safety concerns associated with using dietary emulsifiers, suggesting that they could lead to metabolic syndromes.
饮食乳化剂与多种疾病有关。最近发现肠道微生物群-宿主相互作用对健康和疾病的影响，这使得有必要通过肠道微生物群的角度来重新评估饮食乳化剂的安全性。卵磷脂、蔗糖脂肪酸酯、羧甲基纤维素（CMC）和单、双甘油酯（MDG）乳化剂是常见的饮食乳化剂，在人群中的暴露水平较高。本研究表明，蔗糖脂肪酸酯和 CMC 在小鼠模型中诱导高血糖和高胰岛素血症。在体外胰岛素抵抗模型中，卵磷脂、蔗糖脂肪酸酯和 CMC 破坏葡萄糖稳态。MDG 损害循环脂质和葡萄糖代谢。所有乳化剂都改变了肠道微生物群的多样性，并诱导肠道微生物群失调。卵磷脂、蔗糖脂肪酸酯和 CMC 不影响粘液-细菌相互作用，而 MDG 则倾向于导致细菌侵入内层粘液层，并通过提高循环脂多糖来增强炎症潜力。我们的研究结果表明，使用饮食乳化剂存在安全隐患，这表明它们可能导致代谢综合征。
