Prates-Syed Wasim Aluísio, Fonseca Dennyson Leandro Mathias da, Pour Shahab Zaki, Lira Aline, Cortes Nelson, Silva Jaqueline Dinis Queiroz, Carvalho Evelyn, Filgueiras Igor Salerno, Vinces Tania Geraldine Churascari, Schimke Lena F, Chaves Lorena C S, Wunderlich Gerhard, Durães-Carvalho Ricardo, Dias Haroldo Dutra, Ochs Hans D, Câmara Niels O S, Nakaya Helder I, Krieger José E, Cabral-Marques Otavio, Cabral-Miranda Gustavo
Institute of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.
NPJ Vaccines. 2025 Jun 2;10(1):111. doi: 10.1038/s41541-025-01148-3.
The COVID-19 vaccinations have played a significant role in controlling the pandemic. To elucidate their impact on the immune system, a COVID-19 vaccination atlas was developed using an integrative systems vaccinology approach. The atlas includes 562 samples from 245 participants, including both healthy individuals and those infected with or without prior vaccination, and covers the administration of five vaccines in different regimens. Key findings include the identification of distinct immune markers that differentiate between vaccine types and infection statuses. We observed that mRNA vaccines induced transient but strong immune responses after booster doses, whereas viral vector vaccines showed sustained immune activation with infection, partially resembling the immune profile exhibited during infection. Heterologous vaccination regimens demonstrated enhanced immune diversification compared to homologous regimens. Finally, we described the immunological landscape of COVID-19 vaccines and vaccines against other pathogens, at the gene-level and in cell population dynamics.
新冠疫苗在控制疫情方面发挥了重要作用。为阐明其对免疫系统的影响，采用综合系统疫苗学方法绘制了新冠疫苗图谱。该图谱包含来自245名参与者的562个样本，包括健康个体以及有或无既往接种史的感染者，涵盖了五种不同接种方案的疫苗接种情况。主要发现包括识别出区分疫苗类型和感染状态的不同免疫标志物。我们观察到，mRNA疫苗在加强剂量后诱导出短暂但强烈的免疫反应，而病毒载体疫苗在感染时表现出持续的免疫激活，部分类似于感染期间呈现的免疫特征。与同源接种方案相比，异源接种方案显示出更强的免疫多样性。最后，我们在基因水平和细胞群体动态方面描述了新冠疫苗以及针对其他病原体的疫苗的免疫格局。
