Rodrigues Gabriela Alves, Russomano Thais, Santos Oliveira Edson
Center for Aerospace Medicine Studies, Lisbon School of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
Space Technology Center, AGH University of Krakow, Krakow, Poland.
NPJ Microgravity. 2025 Jun 2;11(1):22. doi: 10.1038/s41526-025-00464-1.
Neuro-ocular changes, such as globe flattening, optic disc edema or chorioretinal folds, are a major worry when considering astronaut health. These findings are now known as Spaceflight Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome. This systematic review aims to discuss the possible mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of this syndrome. Contemplating the different reports regarding the impact of intracranial pressure (ICP), cardiovascular system, hypercapnia or glymphatic system, we hypothesize that a relationship exists between variations in ICP and SANS development. A literature search of five databases was conducted using the PICO model. Twenty studies were subsequently included, and two main theories discussed. The first suggests that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shifts can lead to a rise in ICP, while the second supports the importance of CSF compartmentalization, independently of ICP variation. These hypotheses are not mutually exclusive and environmental factors may also be essential for the development of this syndrome.
在考虑宇航员健康时，神经眼部变化，如眼球扁平、视盘水肿或脉络膜视网膜褶皱，是一个主要担忧。这些发现现在被称为航天相关神经眼部综合征。本系统综述旨在探讨该综合征发病机制中可能涉及的机制。考虑到关于颅内压（ICP）、心血管系统、高碳酸血症或类淋巴系统影响的不同报告，我们假设ICP变化与航天相关神经眼部综合征的发生之间存在关联。使用PICO模型对五个数据库进行了文献检索。随后纳入了20项研究，并讨论了两种主要理论。第一种理论认为脑脊液（CSF）转移可导致ICP升高，而第二种理论支持脑脊液分隔的重要性，与ICP变化无关。这些假设并非相互排斥，环境因素对于该综合征的发生也可能至关重要。
