Zhu Wenya, Guo Qiongqiong, Chen MengJiao, Wang Juan, Zhang Ye, Ma Ruiyan
College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China.
PLoS One. 2025 Jun 4;20(6):e0325733. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0325733. eCollection 2025.
Trichogramma ostriniae is one of the most successfully used natural enemies in the integrated management of agroforestry pests. However, the extensive use of insecticides poses a significant threat to the survival and efficacy of T. ostriniae. To assess the compatibility of chemical pesticides with T. ostriniae, we investigated the acute toxicity, risk level, and sub-lethal effects of four insecticides (chlorfenapyr, emamectin benzoate, phoxim, and lambda-cyhalothrin) on reproduction, parasitism, detoxification enzymes, protective enzyme activities, and active substances under laboratory conditions. The results revealed that phoxim had the highest acute toxicity, with a median lethal concentration value of 2.8 × 10-7 mg/mL, whereas chlorfenapyr had the lowest at 5.06 × 10-3 mg/mL. Emamectin benzoate was classified as high risk, whereas the others were classified as extremely high risk. Insecticide exposure during the larval and pupal stages significantly reduced the emergence of T. ostriniae (P < 0.05). Lambda-cyhalothrin, emamectin benzoate, and chlorfenapyr extended the time required for prey-handling and reduced parasitism efficiency by 0.70%, 2.45%, and 4.50%. In contrast, phoxim increased the time required for prey-handling and improved parasitism efficiency by 25.37%. All insecticides affected protective enzyme activities, induced detoxification enzyme activity, reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I levels, and decreased the adenosine triphosphate level. These findings underscore the differential impacts of insecticides on T. ostriniae and emphasize the need for cautious pesticide selection to balance pest control and natural enemy conservation, providing essential scientific guidance for sustainable agroforestry pest management.
玉米螟赤眼蜂是农林业害虫综合管理中应用最为成功的天敌之一。然而，杀虫剂的广泛使用对玉米螟赤眼蜂的生存和效能构成了重大威胁。为评估化学农药与玉米螟赤眼蜂的兼容性，我们在实验室条件下研究了四种杀虫剂（虫螨腈、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、辛硫磷和高效氯氟氰菊酯）对其繁殖、寄生、解毒酶、保护酶活性及活性物质的急性毒性、风险水平和亚致死效应。结果表明，辛硫磷的急性毒性最高，致死中浓度值为2.8×10-7毫克/毫升，而虫螨腈最低，为5.06×10-3毫克/毫升。甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐被归类为高风险，而其他几种则被归类为极高风险。在幼虫和蛹期接触杀虫剂显著降低了玉米螟赤眼蜂的羽化率（P＜0.05）。高效氯氟氰菊酯、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐和虫螨腈延长了处理猎物所需的时间，并使寄生效率分别降低了0.70%、2.45%和4.50%。相比之下，辛硫磷增加了处理猎物所需的时间，并使寄生效率提高了25.37%。所有杀虫剂均影响保护酶活性，诱导解毒酶活性、活性氧、丙二醛和线粒体呼吸链复合体I水平升高，并降低了三磷酸腺苷水平。这些发现突出了杀虫剂对玉米螟赤眼蜂的不同影响，并强调了谨慎选择农药以平衡害虫防治和天敌保护的必要性，为可持续农林业害虫管理提供了重要的科学指导。
