Wedding L M, Stuart C E, Govers L L, Lilley R J, Olds A, Preston J, Tavasi L E, Pittman S J
School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QY UK.
Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, PO Box 11103, 9700 CC Groningen, The Netherlands.
Landsc Ecol. 2025;40(6):115. doi: 10.1007/s10980-025-02099-9. Epub 2025 Jun 4.
Marine restoration is increasingly recognized as a key activity to regenerate ecosystem integrity, safeguard biodiversity, and enable ocean sustainability. Global policies such as the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework include area-based targets to improve ecosystem integrity and connectivity. Achieving these targets requires scaling up restoration in ecologically and socially meaningful ways.
The objective was to establish a consistent language and framework for seascape restoration practitioners that complements existing marine restoration guidelines and can help to achieve cross-scale restoration targets.
We proposed that the integration of the 5Cs of seascape ecology-Context, Configuration, Connectivity, Consideration of scale, and Culture- can offer a valuable framework for advancing marine restoration practice and policy. We synthesized existing ecological and social science evidence to demonstrate how the 5Cs framework can be applied to seascape restoration efforts.
We established a consistent language and framework for marine restoration practitioners and recommended four key operational pathways: (1) focusing on the recovery of interconnected habitats across the land-sea interface; (2) integrating the 5Cs from site selection through to monitoring; (3) representing social, historical, cultural, and ecological variables when assessing site suitability; and (4) fostering transdisciplinary collaborations to support integrative, multifaceted projects.
Integrating landscape ecology concepts and methods into coastal restoration will enable the effective scaling up of regenerative actions. Applying the 5Cs can help achieve global restoration targets through more strategic, inclusive, and effective marine restoration across coastal seascapes.
海洋修复日益被视为恢复生态系统完整性、保护生物多样性以及实现海洋可持续性的关键活动。诸如《昆明 - 蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》等全球政策包含基于区域的目标，以改善生态系统完整性和连通性。实现这些目标需要以生态和社会意义重大的方式扩大修复规模。
目标是为海景修复从业者建立一种一致的语言和框架，以补充现有的海洋修复指南，并有助于实现跨尺度的修复目标。
我们提出，将海景生态学的5C（背景、格局、连通性、尺度考量和文化）整合起来，可以为推进海洋修复实践和政策提供一个有价值的框架。我们综合了现有的生态和社会科学证据，以证明5C框架如何应用于海景修复工作。
我们为海洋修复从业者建立了一致的语言和框架，并推荐了四条关键的操作途径：（1）专注于陆海界面相互连接的栖息地的恢复；（2）从选址到监测整合5C；（3）在评估场地适宜性时纳入社会、历史、文化和生态变量；（4）促进跨学科合作以支持综合的、多方面的项目。
将景观生态学概念和方法融入海岸修复将能够有效地扩大再生行动的规模。应用5C有助于通过在沿海海景中开展更具战略性、包容性和有效性的海洋修复来实现全球修复目标。
