Villar Eula Bianca, Magnawa John Pascual
Stephen Zuellig Graduate School of Development Management Asian Institute of Management Makati Philippines.
Department of Development Studies Cavite State University Cavite Philippines.
J Conting Crisis Manag. 2022 Mar;30(1):22-31. doi: 10.1111/1468-5973.12394. Epub 2022 Feb 7.
This paper inquires how surveillance manifests in least-ideal contexts (LICs), that is, countries with resource constraints, poor governance and proclivity for populism during COVID-19, and its implications for crisis governance. Using the Philippines as a case, we advance three arguments. First, LICs can become spaces where inappropriate surveillance is undertaken. Second, liminal surveillance practices can become permanent policy fixtures in LICs. Finally, when a prevailing crisis approach of a government is perceived to be inconsistent with the needs of the public, it can lead to a self-help system among various societal groups and actors. This self-help system may not necessarily be aligned with the general direction of the national government. As a result, it can perpetuate a disjointed and maladaptive crisis governance approach, where main actors like national governments, and complementary actors like private sector firms, local government units and citizen organizations pursue goals independent of one another.
本文探讨了监测在最不理想的环境（LICs）中是如何体现的，即那些在新冠疫情期间面临资源限制、治理不善且有民粹主义倾向的国家，以及其对危机治理的影响。以菲律宾为例，我们提出了三个观点。第一，LICs可能会成为进行不当监测的场所。第二，处于临界状态的监测做法可能会成为LICs的永久性政策固定模式。最后，当政府普遍采用的危机应对方式被认为不符合公众需求时，可能会导致不同社会群体和行为体之间形成一种自助体系。这种自助体系不一定与国家政府的总体方向一致。因此，它可能会使一种脱节且适应不良的危机治理方式长期存在，在这种方式下，像国家政府这样的主要行为体，以及像私营企业、地方政府单位和公民组织这样的补充行为体，各自追求独立的目标。
