Racine Nicole, Premji Shainur, Plamondon Andre, McDonald Sheila, Tough Suzanne, Madigan Sheri
School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2025 Jun 6. doi: 10.1007/s00787-025-02759-w.
Early identification of children who are at risk of developing mental health disorders is essential for implementing prevention and intervention approaches. The perinatal period is a unique time to identify these risks, as well as protective factors, due to the high frequency of contact with healthcare professionals.
The current study linked longitudinal cohort data from the All Our Families study (Canada) with administrative health records up to age 9 years (n = 2,814), to identify risk and protective factors from the perinatal period (pregnancy through to first year of life) that are associated with common mental health diagnoses, specifically ADHD and emotional disorders. Parents also reported via surveys whether their child had received a mental health diagnosis prior to age 9 years.
For a diagnosis of ADHD via administrative health records or parent report by age 9 years, risk factors included maternal post-partum mental health difficulties, difficulty meeting basic financial needs, an unwanted pregnancy, infant feeding and sleeping problems, and the presence of the child experiencing a physical health condition prior to 12 months, whereas high parent self-efficacy was associated with a decreased odds of a child ADHD diagnosis. For diagnosis of an emotional disorder, maternal postpartum mental health difficulties, single parenthood, an unwanted pregnancy, difficulty soothing the infant, and a maternal history of child maltreatment were risk factors, whereas parent optimism and partner relationship satisfaction were associated with a decreased odds of diagnosis.
Both shared and disparate perinatal factors are associated with the diagnosis of ADHD versus an emotional disorder The perinatal period may represent a critical window for identifying both risk and protective factors, enabling healthcare professionals to deliver tailored prevention or intervention strategies that could reduce the likelihood of future mental health problems in children.
早期识别有发展成精神健康障碍风险的儿童对于实施预防和干预措施至关重要。围产期是识别这些风险以及保护因素的独特时期，因为在此期间与医疗保健专业人员接触频繁。
本研究将来自“我们所有的家庭”研究（加拿大）的纵向队列数据与9岁前的行政健康记录（n = 2814）相联系，以确定围产期（从怀孕到生命的第一年）与常见精神健康诊断相关的风险和保护因素，特别是注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）和情绪障碍。父母还通过调查报告他们的孩子在9岁之前是否接受过精神健康诊断。
对于通过行政健康记录或父母报告在9岁时诊断为ADHD，风险因素包括母亲产后心理健康问题、难以满足基本经济需求、意外怀孕、婴儿喂养和睡眠问题，以及孩子在12个月前患有身体健康问题，而父母的高自我效能感与孩子被诊断为ADHD的几率降低有关。对于情绪障碍的诊断，母亲产后心理健康问题、单亲家庭、意外怀孕、难以安抚婴儿以及母亲有虐待儿童的历史是风险因素，而父母的乐观态度和伴侣关系满意度与诊断几率降低有关。
围产期的共同和不同因素都与ADHD与情绪障碍的诊断有关。围产期可能是识别风险和保护因素的关键窗口，使医疗保健专业人员能够提供量身定制的预防或干预策略，从而降低儿童未来出现心理健康问题的可能性。
