Le Vigouroux Sarah, Bernat Karla, Charbonnier Elodie
UNIV. NIMES, APSY-V, 30021 Nîmes Cedex 1, France.
Trends Psychol. 2023 Apr 7:1-18. doi: 10.1007/s43076-023-00288-6.
Resulting from chronic exposure to parenting stress, parental burnout is a syndrome located on a continuum between stress and depression. Research interest is growing, and several risk factors have already been identified, but more studies are needed. We assessed the relationship between early maladaptive schemas (as potential risk factors), coping strategies, and the three dimensions of parental burnout (emotional and physical exhaustion, emotional distancing, and loss of parental accomplishment). A total of 115 French-speaking parents answered an online questionnaire. Results (correlations and acyclic graph driven by emotion-focused coping) confirmed the influence of EMSs on the expression of parental burnout. More specifically, schemas in the following three EMS domains were identified as major risk factors: disconnection and rejection (especially abandonment/instability, emotional deprivation, and defectiveness/shame), impaired autonomy and performance (especially dependence/incompetence and failure), and over-vigilance and inhibition (especially negativity/pessimism and punitiveness). Interestingly, our results suggest that emotional coping is not a risk factor for parental burnout, but a consequence of emotional and physical exhaustion and loss of parental accomplishment. Thus, the more parents reported overactivation of these EMSs, the more they are exhausted, and the more they use emotion-focused coping. These results are discussed in terms of possible therapies.
由于长期暴露于育儿压力之下,父母倦怠是一种处于压力和抑郁之间连续体上的综合征。研究兴趣日益浓厚,已经确定了几个风险因素,但仍需要更多研究。我们评估了早期适应不良图式(作为潜在风险因素)、应对策略与父母倦怠的三个维度(情感和身体耗竭、情感疏离以及父母成就感丧失)之间的关系。共有115名说法语的父母回答了一份在线问卷。结果(以情绪聚焦应对为驱动的相关性和无环图)证实了早期适应不良图式对父母倦怠表达的影响。更具体地说,以下三个早期适应不良图式领域中的图式被确定为主要风险因素:分离与拒绝(尤其是遗弃/不稳定、情感剥夺以及缺陷/羞耻)、自主性和表现受损(尤其是依赖/无能和失败)以及过度警觉和抑制(尤其是消极/悲观和惩罚性)。有趣的是,我们的结果表明情绪应对不是父母倦怠的风险因素,而是情感和身体耗竭以及父母成就感丧失的结果。因此,父母报告这些早期适应不良图式过度激活的程度越高,他们就越疲惫,并且越会采用情绪聚焦应对。我们从可能的治疗方法角度对这些结果进行了讨论。