Lu Xingbing, Chen Juan, Miao Shiqi, Xie Yi
Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Lane37, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
Clinical Laboratory Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
BMC Infect Dis. 2025 Jun 6;25(1):800. doi: 10.1186/s12879-025-11143-7.
In recent years, the incidence and prevalence of (TM) have been on the rise. This infection predominantly affects immunocompromised or immunodeficient individuals, especially those with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). There has been a notable increase in the incidence of TM and its associated infections. The majority of cases occur within immunocompromised or immunodeficient populations, with a high prevalence among AIDS patients. However, cases are also occasionally detected in HIV - negative individuals. Due to the insidious and slow - growing nature of TM, the disease can be misdiagnosed as other conditions such as tuberculosis, bacterial pneumonia, and lung cancer, particularly in non - endemic regions. Such misdiagnosis significantly impacts the patient’s prognosis.
Two HIV-negative patients with TM infection from non - endemic areas were hospitalized with a high suspicion of co-infection with lung cancer and poor symptomatic treatment response. These patients underwent a comprehensive diagnostic workup, including lung puncture biopsy, sputum, blood, pleural, and peritoneal fluid cultures, as well as Metagenomics Next Generation Sequencing (mNGS) analysis. Eventually, both patients were diagnosed with TM tracheobronchial infection.
The patients were treated with voriconazole antifungal therapy, combined with methylprednisolone (used for reducing inflammation, relieving spasms, and treating asthma) and acyclovir (used for treating viral infections). The 49 - year - old patient was cured and discharged from the hospital, while the 79 - year - old male patient’s condition continued to deteriorate, and he ultimately died.
It has been determined that TM infection, presenting primarily with respiratory symptoms, is highly susceptible to misdiagnosis in the early stages of the disease. This can lead to treatment delays and a negative impact on the prognosis. It is crucial for medical professionals to be more aware of the possibility of TM infection in non - HIV - infected and non - endemic populations. Collecting respiratory and lung tissue specimens from the infection sites at the earliest possible stage is essential for diagnosing TM infection. Integrating mNGS and mass spectrometry results is crucial for improving the detection and early diagnosis of TM infection, which is of great value for enhancing the efficacy of clinical treatment and the prognosis of patients.
Not applicable.
近年来，（某种疾病，原文未明确写出英文全称）的发病率和患病率一直在上升。这种感染主要影响免疫功能低下或免疫缺陷的个体，尤其是那些患有获得性免疫缺陷综合征（艾滋病）的人。（该疾病）的发病率及其相关感染显著增加。大多数病例发生在免疫功能低下或免疫缺陷人群中，在艾滋病患者中患病率很高。然而，在HIV阴性个体中也偶尔会检测到病例。由于（该疾病）隐匿且生长缓慢的特性，这种疾病可能会被误诊为其他病症，如肺结核、细菌性肺炎和肺癌，尤其是在非流行地区。这种误诊会严重影响患者的预后。
两名来自非流行地区的HIV阴性的（该疾病）感染患者因高度怀疑合并肺癌且对症治疗反应不佳而住院。这些患者接受了全面的诊断检查，包括肺穿刺活检、痰液、血液、胸膜和腹腔积液培养，以及宏基因组学下一代测序（mNGS）分析。最终，两名患者均被诊断为（该疾病）气管支气管感染。
患者接受了伏立康唑抗真菌治疗，联合甲泼尼龙（用于减轻炎症、缓解痉挛和治疗哮喘）和阿昔洛韦（用于治疗病毒感染）。49岁的患者治愈出院，而79岁的男性患者病情继续恶化，最终死亡。
已确定主要表现为呼吸道症状的（该疾病）感染在疾病早期极易被误诊。这可能导致治疗延误并对预后产生负面影响。对于医疗专业人员来说，更加意识到在非HIV感染和非流行人群中存在（该疾病）感染的可能性至关重要。尽早从感染部位采集呼吸道和肺组织标本对于诊断（该疾病）感染至关重要。整合mNGS和质谱结果对于提高（该疾病）感染的检测和早期诊断至关重要，这对于提高临床治疗效果和患者预后具有重要价值。
不适用。
