Ghali Ridha, Limam Inès, Kassrani Ines, Araoud Manel, Nouiri Ezzedine, Fennira Fatma Ben-Aissa, Abdelkarim Mohamed, Hedilli Abderrazak
Toxicology and Environmental Research Laboratory, Centre Mahmoud Yaakoub of Urgent Medical Assistance, Tunis, Tunisia.
Department of Fundamental Sciences, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia.
PLoS One. 2025 Jun 9;20(6):e0325227. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0325227. eCollection 2025.
Despite Garlic's (Allium. sativum) long-standing reputation for therapeutic properties, comprehensive studies on Tunisian garlic are lacking. This study aims to evaluate different Tunisian A. sativum extracts rich in bioactive compounds (phenolic acids, flavonoids, and vitamins), exploring their potential bioactivities (antifungal, antioxidant, and cytotoxic). A. sativum samples underwent hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water-based extractions. LC-MS quantification assessed bioactive compounds. Antioxidant activity was determined via the DPPH assay, antifungal effects were evaluated against Aspergillus spp., and cytotoxic effects were assessed using the MTT assay on U266 human multiple myeloma and MDA-MB-231 metastatic breast cancer cell lines. The aqueous extract exhibited the highest phenolic acid content (96.25 mg/kg fw) and the most water-soluble vitamins (14.69 mg/kg fw). In contrast, the methanol extract was richest in flavonoids, while the ethyl acetate extract had the highest concentration of fat-soluble vitamins (20.21 mg/kg fw). Both aqueous and methanolic extracts demonstrated potent antioxidant activity. The aqueous extract exhibited the strongest antifungal activity (MIC: 1.5 mg/mL for A. flavus and 3 mg/mL for A. niger). Furthermore, the ethyl acetate extract showed remarkable cytotoxic effects against cancer cell lines, indicating its potential as an effective agent against metastatic breast cancer and refractory multiple myeloma. A. sativum emerges as a functional food source with antioxidant, antifungal, and cytotoxic activities, particularly against multiple myeloma. While this study provides a strong foundation for further exploration, additional research is needed to identify active compounds, elucidate mechanisms, and assess therapeutic potential.
尽管大蒜（葱属植物大蒜）长期以来因其治疗特性而闻名，但对突尼斯大蒜的全面研究却很缺乏。本研究旨在评估富含生物活性化合物（酚酸、黄酮类化合物和维生素）的不同突尼斯大蒜提取物，探索它们潜在的生物活性（抗真菌、抗氧化和细胞毒性）。大蒜样本分别用己烷、乙酸乙酯、甲醇和水进行提取。通过液相色谱 - 质谱法定量分析生物活性化合物。通过DPPH法测定抗氧化活性，评估对曲霉菌属的抗真菌效果，并使用MTT法对U266人多发性骨髓瘤和MDA - MB - 231转移性乳腺癌细胞系评估细胞毒性作用。水提取物表现出最高的酚酸含量（96.25mg/kg鲜重）和最多的水溶性维生素（14.69mg/kg鲜重）。相比之下，甲醇提取物富含黄酮类化合物，而乙酸乙酯提取物的脂溶性维生素浓度最高（20.21mg/kg鲜重）。水提取物和甲醇提取物均表现出强大的抗氧化活性。水提取物表现出最强的抗真菌活性（对黄曲霉的MIC为1.5mg/mL，对黑曲霉为3mg/mL）。此外，乙酸乙酯提取物对癌细胞系显示出显著的细胞毒性作用，表明其作为抗转移性乳腺癌和难治性多发性骨髓瘤有效药物的潜力。大蒜作为一种具有抗氧化、抗真菌和细胞毒性活性，特别是对多发性骨髓瘤有活性的功能性食物来源而崭露头角。虽然本研究为进一步探索奠定了坚实基础，但仍需要更多研究来确定活性化合物、阐明作用机制并评估治疗潜力。
