印度旁遮普邦育龄非孕妇女性中评估 discretionary 盐摄入量方法的比较。注：这里“discretionary”可能是专业术语中特定的关于盐摄入的表述，比如“ discretionary salt intake”可能是指“可自由支配的盐摄入量”等，具体准确含义需结合专业背景进一步确定。

Comparison of Methods to Assess Discretionary Salt Intake among Nonpregnant Women of Reproductive Age in Punjab, India.

作者信息

Goh Yvonne E, Manger Mari S, Duggal Mona, Das Reena, Agarwal Surbhi, Saklani Shipra, Budhija Deepmala, Jamwal Manu, Singh Bidhi L, Long Julie M, Westcott Jamie, Arnold Charles D, Krebs Nancy F, Gibson Rosalind S, Brown Kenneth H, McDonald Christine M

机构信息

Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.

International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group.

出版信息

Curr Dev Nutr. 2025 May 5;9(6):107456. doi: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107456. eCollection 2025 Jun.

DOI:10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107456

PMID:40503172

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12155617/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Accurate and precise estimates of discretionary salt intake are critical for the design of salt fortification programs and salt reduction interventions.

OBJECTIVES

This study aimed to compare 4 methods of estimating discretionary salt intake among nonpregnant females of reproductive age in Punjab, India.

METHODS

One-day, observer-recorded, weighed food records (WFRs), household salt disappearance (HHSD) data, duplicate diet composites, and samples of household salt and milk were collected from 100 females and repeated in a subset of 40 to adjust for intraperson variation and estimate usual discretionary salt intake. Diet composites were also replicated from 40 randomly selected WFR but prepared without the addition of discretionary salt. The duplicate diet composites' sodium and iodine contents were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma (ICP)-optical emission spectrometry and ICP-mass spectrometry, respectively. The iodine content of household salt samples was analyzed using the ion-selective electrode method. The association and agreement between the WFR method, the selected reference method, and the HHSD, replicate diet (RD), and iodine methods (IMs) were explored using correlation and Bland-Altman analyses.

RESULTS

Mean ± standard deviation (SD) discretionary salt intakes according to the WFR, HHSD, RD, and IM methods were 4.7 ± 1.8 g/d, 5.7 ± 2.6 g/d, 4.1 ± 2.1 g/d, and 7.8 ± 5.3 g/d, respectively. The RD method showed the strongest correlation ( = 0.76; < 0.001) and the smallest mean difference ± SD (-0.68 ± 1.25 g/d), with limits of agreement from -3.18 to 1.82 g/d, compared with the WFR method. However, the HHSD method was also moderately correlated ( = 0.48; < 0.001) and showed good agreement [0.98 ± 2.12 (-3.27, 5.23) g/d] with the WFR despite lower precision.

CONCLUSIONS

Although intensive to implement, the WFR and RD methods produce precise estimates of discretionary salt intake. Repeated measurements may improve the precision of the HHSD method for large population-based surveys.

摘要

背景

准确精确地估计自由支配盐摄入量对于盐强化计划和减盐干预措施的设计至关重要。

目的

本研究旨在比较印度旁遮普邦育龄非孕女性中4种估计自由支配盐摄入量的方法。

方法

从100名女性中收集一日的、由观察者记录的称重食物记录（WFR）、家庭盐消耗量（HHSD）数据、重复饮食组合以及家庭盐和牛奶样本，并在40名子集中重复进行以校正个体内差异并估计通常的自由支配盐摄入量。还从40份随机选择的WFR中复制饮食组合，但制备时不添加自由支配盐。分别使用电感耦合等离子体（ICP）-光发射光谱法和ICP-质谱法分析重复饮食组合中的钠和碘含量。使用离子选择电极法分析家庭盐样本中的碘含量。使用相关性分析和布兰德-奥特曼分析探讨WFR方法、选定的参考方法与HHSD、重复饮食（RD）和碘方法（IM）之间的关联和一致性。

结果

根据WFR、HHSD、RD和IM方法，自由支配盐摄入量的均值±标准差分别为4.7±1.8 g/天、5.7±2.6 g/天、4.1±2.1 g/天和7.8±5.3 g/天。与WFR方法相比，RD方法显示出最强的相关性（r = 0.76；P < 0.001）和最小的平均差异±标准差（-0.68±1.25 g/天），一致性界限为-3.18至1.82 g/天。然而，HHSD方法也具有中等相关性（r = 0.48；P < 0.001），并且尽管精度较低，但与WFR显示出良好的一致性[0.98±2.12（-3.27，5.23）g/天]。