Mariner Jeffrey C, Wesonga Hezron, Muuka Geoffrey, Stuke Kristin, Colston Angela, Wilson Stephen
Buak Chan Epi and Livestock, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Veterinary Science Research Institute (VSRI), Kikuyu 00902, Kenya.
Transbound Emerg Dis. 2025 Jun 4;2025:1831782. doi: 10.1155/tbed/1831782. eCollection 2025.
This research assesses the impact of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) vaccination, treatment, and combined vaccination and treatment at the herd and population level in heterogeneous, stochastic, state-transition models of CBPP transmission. Results from published trials with oxytetracycline or third-generation macrolides (tulathromycin and gamithromycin) were used to inform parameters for antibiotic treatment. Societies have evolved and the levels of movement control responsible for the previous success of vaccination programs are no longer possible. Current vaccines, when applied in the absence of movement control, did not result in eradication. For hypothetical vaccines with 85%-95% efficacy and 3 years duration of immunity, more than 3 years of biannual vaccination would be required to reduce herd prevalence to near eradication levels. The results of treatment scenarios indicated that small-scale, focused community-based programs working through trained community members to systematically detect and treat suspect cases with oxytetracyclines or third-generation macrolides can eliminate CBPP from defined endemic populations within a period of 6 months. Oxytetracylcines are effective, inexpensive, and widely available. The rapid clinical response to the third-generation macrolides is an additional, direct incentive of interest to livestock owners and has the potential to entirely change the economics of CBPP control programs. Development and validation of effective, practical treatment protocols have the potential to reduce total antibiotic use over the current situation of widespread, haphazard use of antibiotics and enhance antibiotic stewardship. Combined programs covering regions that promote treatment of clinical cases and vaccination of the contact population at risk are of interest. Large scale treatment and vaccination approaches have the potential to eliminate infection in time frames of 2-3 years. In the future, pilot control programs based on public-private-community partnerships should be implemented at the community level that addresses the technical strategy, the modern institutional and socioeconomic challenges, and new opportunities for control.
本研究在传染性牛胸膜肺炎（CBPP）传播的异质性、随机性、状态转换模型中，评估了在畜群和种群水平上进行CBPP疫苗接种、治疗以及联合疫苗接种与治疗的影响。已发表的土霉素或第三代大环内酯类药物（泰拉霉素和加米霉素）试验结果被用于确定抗生素治疗的参数。社会已经发展，以往疫苗接种计划成功所依赖的流动控制水平已不再可行。当前的疫苗在没有流动控制的情况下应用时，并未实现根除。对于效力为85%-95%且免疫期为3年的假设疫苗，需要每半年进行3年以上的接种才能将畜群患病率降低至接近根除水平。治疗方案的结果表明，通过训练有素的社区成员开展小规模、有针对性的社区项目，系统地检测并使用土霉素或第三代大环内酯类药物治疗疑似病例，可在6个月内从特定的地方流行种群中消除CBPP。土霉素有效、价格低廉且广泛可得。第三代大环内酯类药物的快速临床反应对牲畜所有者来说是一个额外的直接激励因素，并且有可能彻底改变CBPP控制项目的经济状况。制定和验证有效的实用治疗方案，有可能在当前抗生素广泛、随意使用的情况下减少抗生素的总体使用，并加强抗生素管理。涵盖促进临床病例治疗和对有风险的接触人群进行疫苗接种区域的联合项目很有意义。大规模的治疗和疫苗接种方法有可能在2至3年内消除感染。未来，应在社区层面实施基于公私社区伙伴关系的试点控制项目，以应对技术战略、现代机构和社会经济挑战以及新的控制机会。
