Chandra Raghav, Ehab Jasmina, Hauptmann Edward, Gunturu Naga Swati, Karalis John D, Kent Daniel O, Heid Christopher A, Reznik Scott I, Sarkaria Inderpal S, Huang Huocong, Brekken Rolf A, Minna John D
Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Cancers (Basel). 2025 May 22;17(11):1732. doi: 10.3390/cancers17111732.
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Exploration of the tumor microenvironment (TME) has resulted in dramatic advancements in the treatment of NSCLC through the advent of immunotherapy. Indeed, anti-programmed death (PD) ligand 1/PD-1 checkpoint inhibitor therapy has substantially improved survival for advanced, unresectable disease and is now being increasingly utilized in the perioperative setting for early-stage, resectable tumors. This success has generated vigorous interest in exploring other cellular players in the NSCLC TME that could be potentially targeted for therapeutic benefit. In this review, we discuss the current state of therapeutic targets in the NSCLC TME, reflect on the revolution of immunotherapy and future directions for its utilization, and reflect on how the current investigations into TME-specific targets may impact thoracic surgical care.
非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）仍然是癌症相关死亡的主要原因。通过免疫疗法的出现，对肿瘤微环境（TME）的探索在NSCLC治疗方面取得了巨大进展。事实上，抗程序性死亡（PD）配体1/PD-1检查点抑制剂疗法已显著提高了晚期不可切除疾病的生存率，并且目前越来越多地用于早期可切除肿瘤的围手术期治疗。这一成功激发了人们对探索NSCLC TME中其他可能成为潜在治疗靶点的细胞成分的浓厚兴趣。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了NSCLC TME治疗靶点的现状，思考免疫疗法的变革及其未来应用方向，并思考目前对TME特异性靶点的研究可能如何影响胸外科治疗。
