Šimić Gordana, Lalić Alojzije, Horvat Daniela, Viljevac Vuletić Marija, Dvojković Krešimir, Jukić Marko, Lukinac Jasmina, Abičić Ivan
Agricultural Institute Osijek, Južno Predgrađe 17, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, F. Kuhača 18, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
Plants (Basel). 2025 May 30;14(11):1664. doi: 10.3390/plants14111664.
Phenolic compounds are increasingly valued for their contribution to the antioxidant capacity and nutritional characteristics of cereals. In this study, 38 barley and wheat varieties grown in Croatia were evaluated over three consecutive years to assess the effects of cereal type, growing season, and malting on total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AOA). Wheat and barley are essential small grains because of their importance in human and animal nutrition and their wide adaptability. Barley showed significantly higher TPC (1.37 mg Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE)/g dw) and AOA (63.34%) compared to wheat varieties (TPC 0.85 mg GAE/g dw; AOA 20.09%), with hull-less barley having the highest values (TPC 1.48 mg GAE/g dw; AOA 66.76%). The growing year significantly affected the accumulation of phenolic compounds, with 2019 yielding the highest TPC (1.46 mg GAE/g dw) and AOA (59.85%). Malting enhanced TPC and AOA, particularly in spring barley, with the most pronounced increase recorded in 2017. Statistical analyses demonstrated clear grouping of samples based on growing year and malting status, with hull-less barley varieties forming stable clusters. Hull-less barley varieties such as GZ-192 have emerged as a valuable source of natural antioxidants with potential application in health-promoting food products.
酚类化合物因其对谷物抗氧化能力和营养特性的贡献而越来越受到重视。在本研究中，连续三年对克罗地亚种植的38个大麦和小麦品种进行了评估，以评估谷物类型、生长季节和制麦对总酚含量（TPC）和抗氧化活性（AOA）的影响。小麦和大麦是重要的小粒谷物，因为它们在人类和动物营养中具有重要意义且适应性广泛。与小麦品种（TPC 0.85毫克没食子酸当量（GAE）/克干重；AOA 20.09%）相比，大麦的TPC（1.37毫克GAE/克干重）和AOA（63.34%）显著更高，其中裸大麦的值最高（TPC 1.48毫克GAE/克干重；AOA 66.76%）。生长年份显著影响酚类化合物的积累，2019年的TPC（1.46毫克GAE/克干重）和AOA（59.85%）最高。制麦提高了TPC和AOA，特别是在春大麦中，2017年的增幅最为显著。统计分析表明，样本根据生长年份和制麦状态明显分组，裸大麦品种形成稳定的聚类。GZ - 192等裸大麦品种已成为天然抗氧化剂的宝贵来源，具有在促进健康的食品中潜在应用的价值。
